Jewish Theology, Systematically and Historically ConsideredKohler, Kaufmann
Religion
Jewish Theology, Systematically and Historically Considered
Kohler, Kaufmann
Judaism -- Doctrines
4. Further progress is noted in the liturgy, in such expressions as that
“God reneweth daily the work of creation,” or “He openeth every morning
the gate of heaven to let the sun come out of its chambers in all its
splendor” and “at eventide He maketh it return through the portals of the
west.” Again, “He reneweth His creative power in every phenomenon of
nature and in every turn of the season;” “He provideth every living being
with its sustenance.”(456) Indeed, in the view of Judaism the maintenance
of the entire household of nature is one continuous act of God which can
neither be interrupted nor limited in time. God in His infinite wisdom
works forever through the same laws which were in force at the beginning,
and which shall continue through all the realms of time and space.
We feeble mortals, of course, see but “the hem of His garment” and hear
only “a whisper of His voice.” Still from the deeper promptings of our
soul we learn that science does not touch the inmost essence of the world
when it finds a law of necessity in the realm of nature. The universe is
maintained and governed by a moral order. Moral objects are attained by
the forces of the elements, “the messengers of God who fulfilled His
word.”(457) Both the hosts of heaven and the creatures of the earth do His
bidding; their every act, great or small, is as He has ordered. Yet of
them all man alone is made in God’s image, and can work self-consciously
and freely for a moral purpose. Indeed, as the rabbis express it, he has
been called as “the co-worker with God in the work of creation.”(458)
5. The conception of a world-order also had to undergo a long development.
The theory of pagan antiquity, echoed in both Biblical and post-Biblical
writings, is that the world is definitely limited, with both a beginning
and an end. As heaven and earth came into being, so they will wax old and
shrink like a garment, while sun, moon, and stars will lose their
brightness and fall back into the primal chaos.(459) The belief in a
cataclysmic ending of the world is a logical corollary of the belief in
the birth of the world. In striking contrast, the prophets hold forth the
hope of a future regeneration of the world. God will create “a new heaven
and a new earth” where all things will arise in new strength and
beauty.(460)
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