Johann Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art, and WorkForkel, Johann Nikolaus
History
Johann Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art, and Work
Forkel, Johann Nikolaus
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1685-1750; Composers -- Germany -- Biography
Bach was inducted into his office as Cantor of St. Thomas’ School at nine
o’clock on the morning of Monday, May 31, 1723. He died in his official
residence there at a quarter to nine on the evening of Tuesday, July 28,
1750. He was buried early on the morning of Friday, July 31, in the
churchyard of St. John’s, Leipzig.
The announcement of his death, made from the pulpit of St. Thomas’ on the
day of his funeral, described him as “Court Composer to His Majesty the
King of Poland and Electoral and Serene Highness of Saxony, Kapellmeister
to His Highness the Prince of Anhalt-Cothen, and Cantor to St. Thomas’
School of this town.” Bach usually designated himself “Director Chori
Musici Lipsiensis,” or shortly, “Director Musices.” Circumstances led him
to emphasise a title which asserted a musical prerogative not confined to
the School and the churches it served.
The Cantor of St. Thomas’ was charged formerly with the musical direction
of four Leipzig churches: St. Thomas’, St. Nicolas’, St. Peter’s, and the
New Church. He was also responsible for the music in the University
Church of St. Paul, the so-called “old service,” held originally on the
Festivals of Easter, Whit, Christmas, and the Reformation, and once during
each University quarter. On high days music also had to be provided at St.
John’s Church.
Bach, as Cantor, succeeded to a more restricted responsibility, which
dated from the early years of the eighteenth century. The New Church,
originally the Church of the Franciscans, had been restored to use in
1699. In 1704 Georg Philipp Telemann, who came to Leipzig as a law
student three years before, was appointed Organist there. He also founded
the Collegium Musicum, or University Musical Society, a farther slight
upon the Cantor’s position. Not until 1729 did the Society pass under
Bach’s direction and its members become available as auxiliaries in the
church choirs under his charge. Notwithstanding that Bach’s predecessor
Kuhnau had protested against Telemann’s independence, the direction of the
New Church’s music passed out of the Cantor’s control, though the School
continued to provide the choristers. Six years later the University
Church of St. Paul also began an independent course. In 1710 the
authorities resolved to hold a University service in the church every
Sunday. Kuhnau asserted his prerogative as Cantor. But he was only able to
maintain it by offering to provide the music for the “new service” as well
as for the “old service” at the fee of twelve thalers which the University
so far had paid for the latter. After his death the University appointed
(April 3, 1723) Johann Gottlieb Görner, already Organist of St. Nicolas’
since 1721, to control the music both of the “old” and “new” services, for
which the University provided the choir. Not until after a direct appeal
to the King did Bach succeed, in 1726, in compelling the University to
restore to the Cantor his emoluments in regard to the “old service,” the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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