John Law of Lauriston: Financier and Statesman, Founder of the Bank of France, Originator of the Mississippi Scheme, Etc.Wiston-Glynn, A. W.
History
John Law of Lauriston: Financier and Statesman, Founder of the Bank of France, Originator of the Mississippi Scheme, Etc.
Wiston-Glynn, A. W.
Law, John, 1671-1729
The result of the decree was not so satisfactory as had been
anticipated, and in quick succession other decrees were issued
introducing alterations in the standard of the coinage. The purpose
of this was to discredit specie as far as possible as a medium of
exchange, and by giving the note the appearance of fixity in value
to raise its credit for currency purposes. Payments in specie were
only allowed to the extent of 300 livres in gold, and of 10 livres
of silver, sums respectively equivalent to £12 10s. and 8s. 4d.
in our money. Public offices could only receive payments in bank
notes, except where the amounts of these or the balances were less
than the lowest denomination of the note. And then the employment
of gold and silver for other than coinage purposes was strictly
prohibited without the royal license. These measures, however, were
still unequal to restoring public confidence in the paper of the
Bank, although in addition to those already specified, decrees were
published fixing the value of paper at five per cent. and then at ten
per cent. above the corresponding nominal value of specie. Trade was
now beginning to experience the bad effects of a restricted currency,
and representations were strongly made to Law and to the Regent to
restore the currency to its previous position. This of course Law was
unable to do without facing the consequences of seeing the bulk of the
specie withdrawn altogether not only from circulation but from the
country. A financial and industrial crisis would have at once been
precipitated. To meet the situation, Law resolved upon bold and extreme
measures. On the pretext that there were 1,200,000,000 livres in specie
lying idle in the hands of financiers and successful speculators, an
edict of Council was published on 27th February, which ordered “that
no person, of whatever estate or condition, not even any religious
or ecclesiastical community, should keep more than 500 livres in
coined money or ingots, under pain of confiscation of the excess, and
of a fine of 10,000 livres.” All payments exceeding 100 livres in
amount were to be made without exception in paper, and the purchase
of jewellery, plate and precious stones was declared illegal if made
for purposes of investment. To provide against concealment of specie
informers were promised a reward of half the sums disclosed, and all
government officials were ordered to make search wherever ordered by
the directors of the Bank. This decree was followed on 5th March by one
which further debased the currency by raising the price of the silver
marc to 85 livres, and on 11th March by a third, by which gold specie
was to be withdrawn from the currency from and after 1st May following,
and silver specie, except the smaller pieces which were necessary for
odd change, from and after 1st August following.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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