John Long's journal, 1768-1782Long, J. (John), Indian trader
History
John Long's journal, 1768-1782
Long, J. (John), Indian trader
Fur trade -- Canada; Indians of North America; Indians of North America -- Languages; Ojibwa language
The Indians who lie to the north of Philadelphia, between the provinces
of Pennsylvania and the Lakes, consist of three distinct leagues, of
which the Senekas, Mohawks, and Onondagoes, who are called the fathers,
compose the first; the Oneidoes, Cayugas, Tuscororas, Conoys and
Nanticokes, which are one tribe, compose the second, and these two
leagues constitute what is called the Six Nations. The third league is
formed of the Wanamis, Chihokockis, or Delawares, the Mawhiccons,
Munseys, and Wapingers, to which may be added the Mingoes. The Cowetas,
or Creek Indians, are also united in friendship with them.[20]
Mr. Colden says, the nations who are joined together by a league or
confederacy, like the United Provinces of Holland, are known by the
names of Mohawks, Oneydoes, Onondagoes, Cayugas, and Senekas; that each
of these nations is again divided into three tribes or families, who are
distinguished by the names of the Tortoise, Bear, and Wolf; and that the
Tuscororas, after the war they had with the people of Carolina, fled to
the Five Nations, and incorporated with them, so that in fact they now
consist of six, although they still retain the name of the Five
Nations.[21] This union is of such long duration as to leave little or
no traces of its origin.
{11} Baron Lahontan observes, that the Iroquois are in reality but one
nation, divided into five districts; and which he distinguishes in the
following manner:—The Tsonontouans, the Goyogans, the Onontagues, the
Oneyouts, and the Agnies, who were all settled about thirty leagues from
each other, near the great Lake Frontenac, now called Ontario.
The Mohawks, or Maquas, are the most warlike among the Five Nations, and
consist of near seven hundred warriors. They are called by the French,
Agnies, or Annies, and were originally settled on the French or grand
River, leading to Michillimakinac, from whence they afterwards removed
to the Mohawk River, near Schenectady, about sixteen miles from Albany,
in the state of New York. Since the war in 1757 they have separated, and
part of the nation is settled on the grand river, near Niagara, and the
rest at the back of the bay of Quenty, or Kenty, about forty-eight miles
above Cataraqui, the capital of the Loyalist settlements on the River
St. Laurence.[22]
Cataraqui, or Fort Frontenac, is built near to the place where Lake
Ontario discharges itself into the River St. Laurence. It was erected by
Le Comte de Frontenac, governor general of Canada, to stop the
incursions of the Iroquois, and divert the channel of the commerce in
peltry, which that people carried on with the inhabitants of New York,
and which they bartered for with the Savages by merchandize, at a
cheaper rate than the French could supply them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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