Journal of Dr. Elias Cornelius, a Revolutionary SurgeonCornelius, Elias
History
Journal of Dr. Elias Cornelius, a Revolutionary Surgeon
Cornelius, Elias
Cornelius, Elias, 1758-1823; United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Prisoners and prisons -- Personal narratives
From the sugar house prison Dr. Cornelius was removed to the Provost
Marshal's prison on the site of the present Hall of Records, in which
still stands portions of the old prison wall. The doctor, because he had
refused the clemency of Lord Howe, was clapped into a basement dungeon
where he encountered a fellow prisoner--a ship captain of Philadelphia
named Chatham, who had as captive refused to pilot a Britsh troop ship up
the Delaware. Provost Marshal Cunningham--probably the most cruel and
inhuman jailer known to history, and because of his devilish proclivities
kept in office to enforce the early repressive measures that the British
adopted towards conquering the spirit of rebels--inflicted new indignities
upon Cornelius and the others, and not only refused the latter the offices
of the provost physician, but punished Dr. Cornelius for attempting to
medically succor them. "But they will die," remonstrated the doctor. "They
are sent here for that purpose," rejoined Cunningham; "and His Gracious
Majesty will forgivingly bury them in Potters Field." That pauper cemetery
was then the area now Washington Square. Here Dr. Cornelius was kept from
Aug. 25 to Sep. 12 without change of linen or clothing or water for
ablutions. Among the prisoners Dr. Cornelius found brave Ethan Allen, who
three years previously had become the hero of Ticonderoga, but had been
taken prisoner in the General Montgomery expedition against Montreal.
Ethan Allen narrated to the doctor, who copied the narrative into his
diary, how he had been put on board a man-of-war in the St. Lawrence,
chained flat on his back during six months in a corner of the hold, and
twice carried on shore in England to be hanged, once also on the coast of
Ireland, and a third time at Halifax. Allen's bravery was not then fully
known to the doctor, who quaintly writes in his diary, "there seemed to
have been much antipathy to Allen." He was not aware either that all those
cruelties and these of Cunningham were brought up in Parliament by friends
therein of the colonists and expressly by vote approved by Lord North's
bloodthirsty administration. And yet the London _Times_ continues to
wonder why so many Americans dislike the country of Queen Victoria's
grandfather, who countenanced the cruelties and oppressions of McKinley's
ancestral people. Adds the Cornelius journal: "I frequently saw beaten
with canes and ramrods women who came to the prison windows to speak to
their husbands, sons or brothers; some of whom would be put on bread and
water diet in dungeons merely for asking that cold water be passed to them
through the bars." When General Clinton and a British force captured Fort
Montgomery its officers were brought to Cunningham's care, some of them
wounded, whom Dr. Cornelius begged to attend surgically only to receive
refusals with curses. The London _Times_ criticizes Weyler for his
treatment of prisoners, and yet he is only in Havana adopting the English
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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