Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 1919 — John Shaqi
Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 1919Various
Science
Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 1919
Various
Entomology -- California -- Periodicals; Entomology -- Periodicals; Zoology -- California -- Periodicals; Zoology -- Periodicals
There seems to be little or no literature on the central nervous
system of this form of echinoderm. As might be expected, the general
arrangement of radial and circumoral bands are much as in sea-urchins,
such as shown especially by Delage and Herouard 1903. There are
however some interesting features which make the study of this type of
special value.
In this paper only the chief mass of the central nervous system is
considered. The more evident parts of the central nervous system are
arranged in general as in other forms. The circumoral nerves issue
from under the lantern and run along the oral, cross over at the edge
of the shell and then run along the aboral side. The five radial
nerves converge at the five ocular areas near the center of the aboral
region. The circumoral nerve ring is looped over and under parts of
the lantern. Fig. 1 shows a part of the lantern and parts of three
loops of the circumoral nerve trunk. In the center of the figure one
fifth of the lantern is drawn in and from under it a radial nerve is
shown in the lower part of the figure. To the left and to the right of
the central bony part of the lantern the union of a radial with a
circumoral nerve is shown. At the junction of each radial nerve with
the circumoral, is a little thickening which seems to be a special
cellular mass such as I have not found in other forms. Fig. 7 is a
section through a part of a circumoral strand, much enlarged. There
are only a few nerve cells, from one to two layers.
As the radial nerves leave the lantern they are quite evident in
dissected specimens as they are close to the bony skeleton with very
little connective or other tissues to obscure them. The use of aqueous
methylene blue aids in following the smaller branches. Near the
lantern the branches are small as shown in fig. 2. When the region is
reached where the upper and lower surfaces of the shell begin to fuse,
the branches become larger and more irregularly arranged, as shown in
the lower part of fig. 1 and fig. 2. After the nerve turns to run on
the aboral side there is no change in arrangement until the region of
the tube feet is reached. In the region of the tube feet the nerves
become more numerous, smaller and more regular. The general
distribution of the nerves and the arrangement of the tube feet nerves
are shown in fig. 4 which is from part of the upper end of the aboral
nerve. The holes in the skeleton for the tube feet are shown as
circles on each side of the diagram.
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