The genus _Dicranoptycha_ was erected by Osten Sacken in 1860 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1859, p. 217). The genus includes a small group of crane-flies with a Holarctic distribution, there being about six species in North America and two, or possibly three, in Europe. As I have indicated elsewhere, _D. signaticollis_ v.d.W. of Java is undoubtedly a species of _Libnotes_. Of the American species, _D. germana_ O.S. is characteristic of the Canadian life-zone of northeastern America. _D. sobrina_ O.S. is widely distributed in the United States and southern Canada, usually occurring in the Transitional and Upper Austral life-zones. So far as known at present it is the only species of the genus occurring on the Pacific slope. The remaining American species (_nigripes_ O.S., _winnemana_ Alex., _tigrina_ Alex. and _minima_ Alex.) are Austral in distribution, occurring in the southeastern and south central United States. A more detailed account of the distribution of the species is given in another paper by the writer which may be consulted (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1916, pp. 496, 497). All of the known species are generally similar to one another in appearance and are separated by relatively slight differences of size, color and structure. Nothing has ever been written concerning the immature stages of this peculiar group of crane-flies. The species described hereinafter were reared at Lawrence, Kansas, and the general conditions under which they occur may be briefly discussed: North Hollow, on the Campus of the University of Kansas, is a typical dry Austral woodland traversed by a small stream that is entirely dry during the months of midsummer drought. The soil consists of a rich black humus that is soft and mellow except during the period of greatest dryness, being overlain by a varying depth of vegetable debris and leaf-mold. It is in this relatively dry soil that the larvæ of _Dicranoptycha_ occur. The forest cover consists of Carolina poplar, _Populus deltoides_ Marsh; black walnut, _Juglans nigra_ L., white elm, _Ulmus americana_ L.; Kentucky coffee-tree, _Gymnocladus dioica_ (L.) Koch; honey locust, _Gleditsia triacanthos_ L.; red bud, _Cercis canadensis_ L.; yellow wood, _Cladrastis lutea_ (Mx.f.) Koch; tree-of-heaven, _Ailanthus glandulosa_ Desf., etc. The principle shrubs are the goose-berry, _Ribes gracile_ Mx.; poison ivy, _Rhus Toxicodendron_ L.; wahoo, _Evonymus atropurpureus_ Jacq.; bladder-nut, _Staphylea trifolia_ L.; coral-berry, _Symphoricarpos orbiculatus_ Moench.; blackberried elder, _Sambucus canadensis_ L., etc. The herbage is made up of tall grasses, composites and, in the spring, the all-dominant cleavers, _Galium_. In addition to the above, great tangles of lianas (_Smilax_, _Vitis_, _Ampelopsis_, etc.) are found.