Judgments of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand on Proceedings to Review Aspects of the Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Mount Erebus Aircraft Disaster: C.A. 95/81New Zealand. Court of Appeal
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Judgments of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand on Proceedings to Review Aspects of the Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Mount Erebus Aircraft Disaster: C.A. 95/81
New Zealand. Court of Appeal
Air New Zealand; Aircraft accidents; New Zealand. Royal Commission to Inquire into the Crash on Mount Erebus, Antarctica, of a DC10 Aircraft Operated by Air New Zealand Limited
Paragraph 165 of the Commissioner's report also merits quotation. We
have underlined some of it, indicating that in this particular part of
his report the Commissioner seems to accept that when they first heard
of the crash the management of the airline must have been unaware of the
true nature and danger of a whiteout. If so, they would have had no
reason to suppose that the pilot would have elected to fly at such a low
level without real visibility. That is an aspect which could well have
been strongly relied on if, when giving evidence before the
Commissioner, they had realised that they were being accused of trying
to cover up the cause of the crash from an early stage:
The term 'whiteout' has more than one meaning as being descriptive
of weather conditions in snow-covered terrain. For aviation
purposes it is often described as the cause of the visual
difficulty which occurs when a aircraft is attempting to land
during a snowstorm. As already stated, the United States Navy
maintains a special whiteout landing area situated to the south of
its normal landing strips near McMurdo Station. This area is used
when an aircraft, which is committed to a landing, is required to
land when visibility is obscured by a snowstorm. The snow in
Antarctica is perfectly dry, and a wind of only 20 kilometres can
sweep loose snow off the surface and fill the air with these fine
white particles. A landing on the special whiteout landing field
can be accomplished only by an aircraft equipped with skis or, in
the case of an aircraft without skis, then it must make a belly-up
landing on this snow-covered emergency airfield. Flying in a
'whiteout' of that description is no different from flying in thick
cloud. The pilot cannot know where he is and must land in
accordance with strict radio and radar directions. So far as I
understand the evidence, I do not believe that either the airline
or Civil Aviation Division ever understood the term 'whiteout' to
mean anything else than a snowstorm. I do not believe that they
were ever aware, until they read the chief inspector's report of
the type of 'whiteout' which occurs in clear air, in calm
conditions, and which creates this visual illusion which I have
previously described and which is, without doubt, the most
dangerous of all polar weather phenomena.
While largely agreed about the whiteout conditions, the Commissioner and
the Chief Inspector took quite different views as to whether the crew
had been uncertain of their position and visibility. This disagreement
is associated with a major difference as to the interpretation of the
tape recovered from the cockpit voice recorder covering the conversation
on the flight deck during the 30 minutes before the crash.
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