=Holland.= Considered as a tributary kingdom of Japan during the Tokugawa shōgunate, because the Dutch shut up in the island of Deshima, near Nagasaki, sent yearly presents to the _shōgun_. =Ijin San.= Barbarian; foreigner; or perhaps simply “strange man,” and so foreigner. =Iyeyasu.= _B._ 1542, _d._ 1616. The founder of the Tokugawa shōgunate, which lasted from 1603 to 1868. Iyeyasu was one of the greatest generals and perhaps the very greatest ruler, Japan has ever produced. He went to school in the Temple of Rinzaki (p. 17), and the room where he learnt to write, his ink-slab and other belongings, are still preserved. Iyeyasu founded Yedo, now Tokyo, making it his capital. He died at Shizuoka, and was first buried at Kunō-san (Between Earth and Heaven, p. 36), and afterwards at Nikkō. =Izanagi= and =Izanami=. The Creator and the Creatress of Japan. It was during the purification of Izanagi after his descent into Hades in search of Izanami, a legend which has many points of resemblance with that of Orpheus, that Amaterasu, the Sun-Goddess, was born. =Jinricksha= or =Jinriksha=. From the Chinese, _lit._ man-power-vehicle; shortened by Europeans into _’ricksha_, by the Japanese to _jinriki_, but usually called in Japan by the native word _kuruma_. A small two-wheeled carriage like a miniature hansom or an old-fashioned perambulator, drawn by a man. =Kagura.= Sacred _shintō_ dance, whose origin is supposed to be traced back to the time when Amaterasu, angry at the insult offered her by her brother Susa-no-wo, retired to a cavern, thus plunging the world into darkness. She was at last induced to look out by the sound of music and dancing, and finally enticed right out by the sight of her own face in a mirror. The dance performed in front of her cavern is supposed to be the _Kagura_. (Note the “g” here, as all medial “g’s” in Japanese have the sound of “ng” as in English “sing.” So Nang-o-ya, _not_ Na-go-ya. Some dialects, as that of _Satsuma_, say a hard “g.”) =Kakemono=, _lit._ the hanging-up-thing. A picture painted on either silk or paper, in either monochrome or colour. It is mounted on brocade, and has a roller each end. Roughly and quite untechnically, _kakemono_ can be divided into two classes: those which seek to give only an impression, and those which are a kind of miniature painting. =Kana.= _Katakana_ and _Hirakana_, popularly supposed to have been invented, the first 772 A.D., the second 835 A.D. In reality they were not inventions, but simplifications of certain common Chinese ideographs. The _kana_ represent sounds, as does our alphabet, but they stand for syllables, not letters. They both consist of forty-seven sounds, which by the addition of dots and other symbols can be considerably increased.