There are certain steps in the process of manufacture which also influence the number of organisms which may be counted. A pulp may vary from an unevaporated tomato juice to a concentration which is represented by an evaporation of a volume of water up to 60 per cent, and ketchup may vary from a thin watery consistency to one which is so heavy that it will scarcely flow from the bottle. It becomes evident that a method which does not sustain some close relation to the amount of tomato present would naturally be deficient as a standard for judging. For example, a tomato juice with an initial count of 10,000,000 if evaporated to one-half its volume will have more than twice the number of organisms estimated in the original. The pulp is composed of both liquid and solids and part of the liquid portion only is driven off by evaporation, leaving in the residue a different proportion to the solids. As the organisms can be counted only in the liquid portion, it is obvious that with concentration, the number will be increased at a much greater ratio than will the reduction of the bulk. A thin pulp with 10,000,000 bacteria may easily be worse than a heavier one with 30,000,000 or 40,000,000, if judged by numbers alone. The same conclusion is necessarily true for ketchup. It clearly refutes the argument that a product having twice as many bacteria as another of the same kind is more than twice as bad. The effect of recommending an arbitrary low limit for bacterial content, irrespective of the consistency of the product, is to cause manufacturers to pack thin pulp and sloppy ketchup, and to discourage the more desirable heavy body. The examination of a very large number of samples shows that the majority of the heavy pulps and ketchup upon the market show much higher counts than the thin ones when the tissues show good stock in both. It is not possible to concentrate any pulp to the consistency of paste and have it pass under the present method; that is, considering a product to be filthy, putrid or decomposed if the bacteria exceed 25,000,000 per cubic centimeter.