[Illustration: FIG. 27. Perithecia, from left, of _Podospora appendiculata_, _Schizothecium conicum_, _P. excentrica_ and _P. decipiens_, with detail of hairs. FIG. 28. Ascospores of, from left, _Podospora excentrica_, _P. appendiculata_, _S. vesticola_, _S. nanum_, _P. decipiens_, _'P. dagobertii'_ and _Arnium_ sp. FIG. 29. _Cercophora coprophila_, immature (l) and mature (r) ascospores.] 71(70) Asci 8-spored. 72 - Asci with more than 8 spores. 82 72(71) Spores more than 45µm long. 73 - Spores less than 45µm long. 74 73(72) Spores 48-60 × 27-31µm, caudae apparently striate. Perithecia superficial, covered with rigid, nonagglutinated hairs up to 120µm. _Podospora fimiseda_ - Spores 50-68 × 22-32µm, caudae apparently segmented, with an intestine-like appearance. Perithecia immersed to superficial, with a long neck, tomentose with long flexuous hairs when young, more or less glabrous when mature. _Podospora intestinacea_ 74(72) Perithecia superficial, ovoid to globose, covered with short (up to 100µm), sparse, radiating, hyaline tipped, hairs. Spores 24-31 × 11-15µm, with simple caudae. _Podospora appendiculata_ (figs 27, 28) - Perithecia with base immersed in substrate, pyriform, without such hairs. 75 75(74) Perithecial neck with short tubercular hairs, up to 20µm long. Spores 32-42 × 17-22µm, with a long but withering primary appendage. Caudae in two rings, one inserted near the base of the primary appendage, the other at the spore apex. The individual filaments may be free, but often clump together to form an apparently broad appendage. _Podospora decipiens_ (figs 27, 28) - Perithecial hairs longer. Caudae single or 4 at each end. 76 76(75) Spores with 4 caudae at each end. 77 - Spores with a single cauda at each end. 78 77(76) Spores 40-45 × 22-25µm. _Podospora gwynne-vaughaniae_ - Spores 29-40 × 16-25µm. _Podospora communis_ 78(76) Spores less than 30 × 15µm. 79 - Spores larger than 30 × 15µm. 80