King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo RuleTwain, Mark
History
King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo Rule
Twain, Mark
Congo (Democratic Republic); Léopold II, King of the Belgians, 1835-1909
On returning to the camp, we crossed a young woman, shot in the back
of the head, one hand was cut away. I asked why, and Mulunba N’Cusa
explained that they always cut off the right hand to give to the
State on their return.
‘Can you not show me some of the hands?’ I asked.
So he conducted us to a framework of sticks, under which was burning
a slow fire, and there they were, the right hands—I counted them,
eighty-one in all.
There were not less than sixty women (Bena Pianga) prisoners. I saw
them.
We all say that we have as fully as possible investigated the whole
outrage, and find it was a plan previously made to get all the stuff
possible and to catch and kill the poor people in the ‘death-trap.’”
[Illustration:
MULUNBA CHIEF OF CANNIBAL TRIBE NEAR LUEBO, CONGO STATE FIGURE
REPRODUCED FROM PHOTOGRAPH
“Mulunba N’Cusa explained.”—_Page 24._
]
_Another_ detail, as we see!—cannibalism. They report cases of it with a
most offensive frequency. My traducers do not forget to remark that,
inasmuch as I am absolute and with a word can prevent in the Congo
anything I choose to prevent, then whatsoever is done there by my
permission is my act, my _personal_ act; that _I_ do it; that the hand
of my agent is as truly my hand as if it were attached to my own arm;
and so they picture me in my robes of state, with my crown on my head,
munching human flesh, saying grace, mumbling thanks to Him from whom all
good things come. Dear, dear, when the soft-hearts get hold of a thing
like that missionary’s contribution they quite lose their tranquility
over it. They speak out profanely and reproach Heaven for allowing such
a fiend to live. Meaning me. They think it irregular. They go shuddering
around, brooding over the reduction of that Congo population from
25,000,000 to 15,000,000 in the twenty years of my administration; then
they burst out and call me “the King with Ten Million Murders on his
Soul.” They call me a “record.” The most of them do not stop with
charging merely the 10,000,000 against me. No, they reflect that but for
me the population, by natural increase, would now be 30,000,000, so they
charge another 5,000,000 against me and make my total death-harvest
15,000,000. They remark that the man who killed the goose that laid the
golden egg was responsible for the eggs she would subsequently have laid
if she had been let alone. Oh, yes, they call me a “record.” They remark
that twice in a generation, in India, the Great Famine destroys
2,000,000 out of a population of 320,000,000, and the whole world holds
up its hands in pity and horror; then they fall to wondering where the
world would find room for its emotions if I had a chance to trade places
with the Great Famine for twenty years! The idea fires their fancy, and
they go on and imagine the Famine coming in state at the end of the
twenty years and prostrating itself before me, saying: “Teach me, Lord,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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