[3] Tourgee's "Invisible Empire" gives the carpetbagger's view of the Ku Klux movement, and, though filled with worthless testimony from the Ku Klux Report, it shows a very clear conception of the real meaning of the movement and a correct appreciation of its results. The best later interpretation is that of Mr. William Garrott Brown in "The Lower South," Ch. 4. [4] For a full account of its work in Alabama see Fleming's "Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama," Ch. 21. [5] Other well-known members of the Pulaski Den were: Captain Robert Mitchell, Captain Thomas McCoy, Dr. M.S. Waters, Dr. James Bowers, Milton Voorheis, C.P. Jones, Robert Martin, Dr. C.C. Abernathy, I.L. Shappard, Robert Shappard, J.L. Nelson, John Moore, F.M. Crawford, Alexander McKissick, W.H. Rose. [6] Charles P. Jones, brother of Calvin Jones, joined later. He now lives in Birmingham, Alabama. [7] Examples in European history are the Carbonari of Italy, the Tugenbund and the Vehmgericht of Germany, the Klephts of Greece, Young Italy, the Nihilists of Russia, the Masonic order in most Catholic countries during the first half of the Nineteenth Century, Beati Paoli of Sicily, the Illuminati, etc. The "Confreries" of Medieval France were similar illegal societies formed "pour defendre les innocentes et reprimer les violences iniques."--Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale, Vol. 2, p. 466. [8] See Ku Klux Report, Vol. 13, p. 32. [9] Ku Klux Report, Vol. 13, Florida and Miscellaneous, p. 3. [10] See Ku Klux Report, Georgia Testimony, p. 304. [11] General Clanton, of Alabama, complained that the Southern people had passed "out of the hands of warriors into the hands of squaws." General Edmund W. Pettus, now U.S. Senator from Alabama, said that the entire Reconstruction was in violation of the understanding made at the surrender of the Confederate armies. The Confederate soldier surrendered with arms in hand and in return a certain contract was made in his parole according to which, as long as he was law-abiding, he was not to be disturbed. This contract had been violated. The government of the United States had made a promise to men with arms in their hands and had violated this promise by passing the Reconstruction measures, which amounted to punishment of individuals for alleged crime without trial by law. See Ku Klux Report, Alabama Testimony, pp. 224, 377, 383. [12] It is the copy he refers to that is reproduced in Appendix II. [13] _American Historical Magazine_, Vol. 5, p. 4. KU KLUX KLAN ITS ORIGIN, GROWTH AND DISBANDMENT BY J.C. LESTER AND D.L. WILSON KU KLUX KLAN CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN.