A Miserable Class co-existing with General Progress 273 Relative Decrease of Poverty 276 Two Causes of Popular Progress 277 The Riches of a Minority 278 How they are produced 279 The Rich Man’s Progress 280 The Rivalry of the Rich 282 The Gain of Labour 283 Popular Progress and Growth of Population 284 The Gain of Labour limited by the Power of Ability 286 The Natural Gain of Labour 288 Its relation to Politics 289 Self-Help and State Help 290 IV. Of Socialism and Trade Unionism—the Extent and Limitation of their Power in increasing the Income of Labour— So-called Socialism in England different from Formal Socialism 291 An Element of Socialism necessary to every State 294 The Socialistic question entirely a question of degree 296 Socialism not directly operative in increasing the Income of Labour 298 Trade Unionism 300 How it strengthens Labour 301 How the power of striking grows with the growth of Wages 302 Natural Limits of the Powers of Trade Unionism 304 Labour and Ability 306 Higgling on Equal Terms 307 The Power represented by Strikes not Labour, but Labouring Men 308 Leaders of Labouring Men rarely Leaders of Labour 310 The Power of Trade Unionism important, though limited 312 Certain remaining points 314 V. Of the enormous Encouragement to be derived by Labour from a true View of the Situation; and of the Connection between the Interests of the Labourer and Imperial Politics—