[47] The entire population has risen from about _twenty-seven million five hundred thousand_ to _thirty-eight millions_. But a large part of this increase has taken place amongst the classes who pay income-tax, and are expressly excluded from the above calculations. These classes have risen from _one million five hundred thousand_ to _five millions_. [48] These considerations are so obvious, and have been so constantly dwelt upon by all economic writers, other than avowed Socialists, that it is quite unnecessary here to insist on these further. Even the Socialists themselves have recognised how much force there is in them, and have consequently been at pains to meet them by the following curious doctrine. They maintain that a man who makes or inherits a certain sum has a perfect right to possess it, to hoard it, or squander it on himself; but no right to any payment for the use made of it by others. They argue that if he puts it into a business he is simply having it preserved for him; for the larger part of the Capital at any time existing would dwindle and disappear if it were not renewed by being used. Let him put it into a business, say the Socialists, and draw it out as he wants it. Few things can show more clearly than this suggested arrangement the visionary character of the Socialistic mind; for it needs but little thought to show that such an arrangement would defeat its own objects and be altogether impracticable. The sole ground on which the Socialists recommend it, in preference to the arrangement which prevails at present, is that the interest which the owners of the Capital are forbidden to receive themselves would by some means or other be taken by the State instead and distributed amongst the labourers as an addition to their wages, and would thus be the means of supplying them with extra comforts. Now the interest if so applied would, it is needless to say, be not saved but consumed. But the owners of the Capital, who are thus deprived of their interest, are to have the privilege, according to the arrangement we are considering, of consuming their Capital in lieu of the interest that has been taken from them. Accordingly, whereas the interest is all that is consumed now, under this arrangement the Capital would be consumed as well. The tendency, in fact, of the arrangement would be neither more nor less than this: to increase the consumption of the nation at the expense of its savings, until at last all the savings had disappeared. It would be impracticable also for many other reasons, to discuss which here would simply be waste of time. It is enough to observe that the fact of its having been suggested is only a tribute to the insuperable nature of the difficulty it was designed to meet.