These last considerations lead us to another aspect of the subject, with which every intelligent voter should make himself thoroughly familiar, and which every honest speaker would force on the attention of his hearers. A large number of agitators, who are either ignorant or entirely reckless, but who nevertheless possess considerable gifts of oratory, ◆¹ are constantly endeavouring to associate, in the popular mind, the legitimate hope of obtaining an increased income, with an insane hostility to conditions which alone make such an increase possible. These men[1] are accustomed to declaim against the slavery of the working classes, quite as much as against their inadequate rate of payment. By slavery they mean what they call “enslavement to capital.” Capital means the implements and necessaries of production. These, they argue, are no longer owned by the workmen as they were in former times: and thus the workers are no longer their own masters. They must work under the direction of those who can give them the means of working; and this, they are urged to believe, reduces them to the condition of slaves. [Sidenote ◆1 Nor could any one hope to own the instruments of production used by him.] [Sidenote ◆2 Self-contradictions of agitators, who say that capitalism means slavery, and that socialism would make the worker free.] [Sidenote ◆3 The industrial discipline of the State would necessarily be much harder than that of the private employer.]