◆¹ For if we start with the generalisation derived from Harry’s case, or any other case in which the land is of a similar quality that one man’s labour produces nine loaves daily, and then find that Tom and Dick, for the same amount of labour, are rewarded respectively by fifteen loaves or by twelve, we have six extra loaves in one case, and three in the other, which cannot have been produced by Labour, and which yet must have been produced by something. They cannot have been produced by Labour; for the very assumption with which we start is that the Labour is the same in the last two cases as in the first; and according to all common-sense and all logical reasoning, the same cause cannot produce two different results. When results differ, the cause of the difference must be sought in some cause that varies, not a cause that remains the same; and the only cause that here varies is the Land. Accordingly, just as in Harry’s case we are neither able nor concerned to credit the Land with any special part, or indeed any part, of the product, but say that all the nine loaves are produced by Harry’s Labour, so too in the case of Tom and Dick we credit Labour with a precisely similar number; but all loaves beyond that number we credit not to their Labour, but to their Land—or, to speak more accurately, to certain qualities which their Land possesses, and which are not possessed by Harry’s. In Dick’s case these superior qualities produce three loaves; in Harry’s case, they produce six. [Sidenote ◆1 The men themselves would be the first to understand this.] If any one doubts that such is the case, let him imagine our three brothers beginning to quarrel amongst themselves, and Tom and Dick boasting that they were better men than Harry, on the ground that they always brought home more loaves than he. Every one can see what Harry’s retort would be, and see also that it is unanswerable. ◆¹ Of course he would say, “I am as good a man as either of you, and my labour produces quite as much as yours. Let us only change fields, and you will see that soon enough. Let Tom take mine, and let me take his, and I then will bring home fifteen loaves; and he, work as he may, will only bring home nine. It is your b——y land that produces more than mine, not you that produce more than I; and if you deny it, stand out you ——s and I’ll fight you.” We may also appeal to one of the commonest of our common phrases, in which Harry’s supposed contention is every day reiterated. If a farmer is transferred from a bad farm to a good one, and the product of his farming is thereby increased, as it will be, everybody will say, “The good farm _makes_ all the difference.” This is merely another way of saying, the superior qualities in the soil _produce_ all the increase, or—to continue our illustration—the increased number of loaves.