Once an insured worker becomes unemployed, the employer must return to him his unemployment book, which he must lodge at the Employment Exchange, where he may claim benefit. When a claim is made, an inquiry is addressed by the Exchange to the last employer of the workman as stated by him on the claim form, in order to ascertain whether the conditions for the receipt of benefit are satisfied, and whether any of the disqualifications apply. During the currency of his claim, an unemployed insured worker must attend at the Exchange as evidence that he is unemployed. There he signs a declaration during the normal working hours of his trade that he is unemployed and unable to obtain suitable employment. In normal times, the frequency with which unemployed insured workers have to attend for this purpose is as follows: If the worker lives within two miles of the nearest Exchange, he is required to attend daily; if he lives between two and four miles from the Exchange, he attends every other day; between four and six miles, he attends once a week, and furnishes a declaration signed by two persons that he is unemployed; if he lives more than six miles from the nearest Exchange, he is not required to attend there personally for the purpose of giving evidence of unemployment, but may forward a certificate signed by two persons as to the continuance of his unemployment. Claims for benefit are adjudicated upon, in the first instance, by officers appointed under the Act known as insurance officers. The manager of the Exchange acts as an “insurance officer” and authorizes payment of obviously valid claims. Those as to which doubt arises are sent to the Chief Insurance Officer in London for adjudication. If the insurance officer’s decision is unfavourable to the claimant, the latter has a right of appeal to a Court of Referees, consisting of an independent chairman, a representative of employers and a representative of the contributors. The chairman and the panels are appointed by the Minister of Labour. Either the insurance officer, or the Trade Union to which the claimant belongs, or the claimant himself, if leave is given to him by the Court, has a further right of appeal from the recommendation of the Court of Referees to an umpire appointed by the Crown, whose decision is final and conclusive.