In addition, local authorities have initiated, without Government assistance, relief works on which, between the commencement of trade depression in September 1920, and May 19, 1922, an aggregate of wages of at least £450,000 has been paid. Guardians have during the same period expended at least £60,000,000 on out-door relief. The above figures exclude the temporary loans by the Ministry of Health to embarrassed Guardians. The really critical time in regard to unemployment will be the forthcoming winter, 1922-23. Trade Union out-of-work benefits have shrunk and dwindled through lack of funds. Homes and furniture, utensils, etc., with two winters’ hard times have wasted down to the bare bone, clothing is worn out, and there is little or no reserve of resources; in some districts conditions fill one with apprehension. Added to the natural gravity—social and economic—of the situation, is the quite definite attempt of the Communists to exploit subterraneously these unhappy circumstances for revolutionary purposes. Part III THE TRUE LABOUR POLICY CHAPTER XIX THE OUTLOOK OF THE WORKER Ignorance about Industry—Misconceptions as to Wages—Discontent and its Causes—Effect of Bad Environment—Fear of Unemployment—Dissatisfaction with Status in Industry—Belief in Agitation—Desire for Improvement—Low Conception of Work—Suspicion of Employers—The Worker and his Trade Union—The Worker and the Community. My endeavour, henceforward, will be to state, as concisely and clearly as the subject permits, the main principles of policy which, in my judgment, should be applied to industry and its problems. As a necessary preliminary one must indicate the characteristics of the worker, his sentiments and aspirations, his defects, his virtues. After years of continual intercourse with labour, I confess my failure to meet in the flesh the workers as depicted in current revolutionary publications; nor have I succeeded in discovering among them that alien race with sympathies and sensibilities different from those of the rest of the community, ever moved by materialistic motives, always pursuing some irrational course of foolish selfishness as described in another type of literature. Against the unwarranted accusation that the British working-man in his opinions, feelings and sentiments is at all a different person from the ordinary British citizen, I have never ceased to protest. That he often suffers from a limited outlook, reacts to prejudice, and cherishes at times a grudge against society, I am not going to deny; but after working among workers, and, later, spending a great part of the war-period in controlling one million workmen of every description, and meeting in familiar intercourse their Trade Union executives, their district committees and their own deputations in numerous shops and yards, I can truthfully say that I generally found the worker a human being who is open to reason and to acceptance of a