“The advance which Great Britain had made in those thirty years in social reform and democracy was enormous. The Chartist period witnessed the first real Factory Act (1833), the first mining law for the protection of child and female labour (1842), the Ten Hours’ Day (1847), the reduction of the newspaper stamp (1836), the Abolition of the Corn Laws (1846), the repeal of the Corresponding Acts (1846). It bequeathed to the working-classes the co-operative store and co-operative production, more successful trade unions, and international sentiments. It forced the thinking men of the nation to regard the Labour problem as a serious subject for investigation and discussion. Finally, it imbued the thinking portion of the working-class with the conviction that Liberalism must first do its work, before Labour could come into its own, both in the legislature and in the factory. In short, from the catastrophes of 1832, 1834, 1839, 1842 and 1848, the lesson emerged that the revolutionary policy of ‘all or nothing,’ of a sweeping triumph by one gigantic effort, of contempt for reform and of the supreme value of a total and radical subversion of the old order, were foredoomed to failure. The generation that succeeded Chartism went into Gladstone’s camp and refused to leave it either for the social Toryism of Benjamin Disraeli or for the social revolution of Karl Marx.” Labour’s Renunciation of Socialism, 1842-1885 Onwards from the year 1842, although individual Trade Unionists and certain societies, which included no doubt members of the working-classes, continued to promote Socialism, the British Trade Unions advocated no scheme of Socialism as part of their official objects. They contented themselves with improving their organizations, increasing their members, making provision for friendly society benefits and of introducing methods of collective bargaining instead of class-war and of strikes. Mr. Beer again states the position at p. 195 of Vol. II, _History of British Socialism_: “The twenty years following upon the collapse of Chartism formed the golden age of middle-class Liberalism. The glamour of its doctrines as set forth by Mill in his essay ‘On Liberty,’ the phenomenal growth of British trade and commerce, the unrivalled position of Great Britain as the workshop of the world, made British Liberalism the lodestar of all nations striving for freedom and wealth. Competition as the regulator of economic relations, free trade as the international bond of peace and goodwill, individual liberty as the sacred ideal of national politics, reigned supreme, and under their weight the entire formation of social revolutionary ideas of the past disappeared from view. The working-classes formed a part of triumphant Liberalism.