“The great difficulty which confronts International Socialism, however, is the division of the movement into two camps as a result of the Russian Revolution of November 1918. Bolshevism tried to establish, not only over Russia, but over every other country in the world, the method of seizing political power by armed force, holding that power by the same means and changing the whole economic structure of society by decree and suppression. Since its first success in Russia, it has somewhat modified its position, and at the present moment in this country, it is informing its adherents that those who decry political methods are traitors to the cause of Communism, but that political action should be used solely to prove the abortiveness of the institutions which are to be captured. Obviously, such a compromise with the unclean thing is bound to defeat itself and will only make candidates who pursue such a policy ridiculous in the eyes of electors. It is political and revolutionary futility of the simplest kind. We do not wish, however, to argue out the matter. The policy may be more suitable to some countries than it is to ours, but obviously every Socialist who has any international instinct at all will see that an International based upon Moscow principles can never represent more than the smallest and least influential fraction of the Socialist movement in the various countries. The Second International has, therefore, rejected Bolshevism as the basis of its existence. “Moreover, the attempts made by Moscow to control national organizations not only in general Socialist policy, but in the details of their own national work, must prevent every such organization with any self-respect and any sense of national freedom from putting itself under such a yoke.” The following statement as to the foundation upon which a Socialist International should be constituted is also important: “There must be no doubt as to the basis upon which a Socialist International has to be built. It must secure to each Socialist group freedom to work in accordance with its own means towards its Socialist goal; there must be common determination to bring Socialism about; it must be prepared to give international support to all national strivings for liberty and self-government in ways determined by the nations themselves; it must in no way reject (as is now being attempted in some quarters) but unequivocally support the democratic method as that proper to the countries that have already gone through their political revolutions, and that have been put in possession of the political weapon by reason of the insurrectionary movements of their proletariat in days gone by.” The Third or Moscow International