The inhabitants of Westbothnia, to defend themselves against the bites of gnats, besmear their skin with a mixture of tar and fish-grease, or some other kind of fat. They keep this composition in a horn which hangs at their side. The Laplanders however give themselves no trouble about any such matter. In order to add to the pungency of the tobacco which they are in the habit of chewing, the Laplanders mix with it the root of _Angelica_. (_A. Archangelica_ is preferred, but when that is not at hand, the _sylvestris_ is used, as appears from the _Flora Lapponica_.) The women wear their belts in the same manner as the men, except when they are big with child, in which case the belt must necessarily be placed much higher than ordinary. This day I found the little heart-leaved _Ophrys_ (_O. cordata_) growing, as it usually does, amongst the _Rubus Chamæmorus_, whilst I was gathering the fruit of the latter. Also the least _Pinguicula_ (_P. villosa_); but its leaves were withered, and the fruit was ripe, which is heartshaped and emarginate, of two valves and one cell. The last-mentioned plant grew among White-moss (_Sphagnum palustre._ These specimens are still preserved in the Linnæan herbarium.) The bird called (by the Swedes) Lappskata, Rödfogel in Westbothland, Gvousach in Lapland, (_Corvus infaustus_, _Faun. Suec._ 32. _Lath. Ind._ 159. _Lanius infaustus_, _Syst. Nat._ _v._ 1. 138,) is of a small size, but it audaciously lays hold of any thing it can find, being so far from timid that it flew away with part of our provisions as we sat at table. This bird seems nearly allied to the Jay (_Corvus glandarius_). It is only in winter the clothes of the Laplanders have any sort of lining, except that these people generally wear, next the stomach, the skin of a young reindeer fawn. The sleeves of their coats are not fixed to the jacket, or body of the garment. The part which covers the shoulder folds over the top of the sleeve, in the shape of a wedge. A seam reaches the whole length of the jacket, from top to bottom, on each side, the jacket becoming gradually wider, downward. It reaches as low as the middle of the leg. The collar is for the most part blue, stitched with white thread. The reindeer are not slaughtered in the same manner as cattle usually are either at Stockholm or in Smoland. The animal being secured with a halter, the Laplander takes his spear and sticks it into the thorax behind the shoulder, so as to pierce the heart. By this means the blood collects in the cavity of the thorax, none of it appearing externally. After the skin is flayed off, the blood is found coagulated in the thorax, from whence it is extracted, and bruised into a soft mass. With this the poorer sort of people make a kind of soup, by boiling along with it the brains of the animal, which the rich do not eat. The testicles are never eaten by any sort of people. The _penis_ serves to make a thong to draw the sledges.