At sun-rise the marshes were all white with hoar frost. In the preceding night winter had paid his first visit, and slept in the lap of the lovely Flora. I did not observe that she had suffered from her rude visitor, except with regard to the _Dracontium_ (_Calla palustris_), the leaves of which assumed a pallid aspect. The plants latest in bloom at this place, are _Erica_ (_vulgaris_), the Red-flowered Persicaria (_Polygonum Persicaria_), and _Hieracium præmorsum_ (_Leontodon autumnale_, _Sp. Pl._ 1123. _Hedypnois autumnalis_, _Fl. Brit._ 826. _Engl. Bot. t._ 830.) On leaving Sangis, I left my mother-tongue behind me. At Saris I met with native Finlanders only, whose language was unintelligible to me. Here grew the _Masarooth_ (_Selinum palustre_) with a proliferous umbel. The mouse-traps used here are made like those for catching squirrels; which I have already described. Between Zeivis (perhaps Saris) and Tornea are three ferries to pass. In my way I noticed a new species of _Stellaria_ (_Callitriche_), of a small size, not leafy at the top, erect, not creeping like the _S. minor_; (see _Fl. Lapp. n._ 2. _var._ γ.) It had the appearance of _Potamogeton graminifolium_ (_gramineum_). (What particular state or appearance of the _Callitriche_ this might be, does not appear, nor is it mentioned in _Fl. Lapp._) I reached Tornea by three o'clock. TORNEA. _August 4._ A reindeer may be driven in a carriage twelve (Swedish) miles in a day, or, at the utmost, fifteen; but the animal is generally killed immediately afterwards with the Laplanders' spears, and eaten. The Laplanders are perhaps so called from the (Swedish) word _lappa_, to sew or patch together, because their garments usually answer to that description. The degree of cold is certainly greater on the alps than in less elevated regions; for instance, it is colder in Jamtland than at Tornea, though the former lies about one hundred miles further south. Thus it appears that the cause of the severity of the cold does not depend so much on the approach towards the pole, as on the elevation of the ground, which ought to be carefully observed. Hence the plants of the north of Lapland are such only as are capable of resisting the most severe and long-continued cold, and hence snow lies on the alps of Italy.