8. Above the line of perpetual snow, the cold is occasionally so much diminished, that a few plants of _Ranunculus glacialis_, and other similar ones, may now and then be found, in the clefts of some dark rock rising through the snow. This happens even to the height of 500 feet above that line. Further up the snow is very rarely moistened. Yet some umbilicated Lichens (_Gyrophoræ_), &c., still occur in the crevices of perpendicular rocks, even to the height of 2000 feet above the line of perpetual snow. These are the utmost limits of all vegetation, where the mean temperature seems to be +1,°1 of Celsius (30 of Fahrenheit). The Snow Bunting, _Emberiza nivalis_, is the only living being that visits this elevated spot. INDEX. Abo, ii. 230. _Acer platanoides_, ii. 227. Aconite, yellow, i. 36. _Aconitum lycoctonum_, i. 36, 47, 138, 278. ii. 79, 123, 277. Adam and Eve, i. 28. _Adoxa moschatellina_, i. 37. _Agaricus_, i. 151, 152, 177. ii. 158. _Agrostis arundinacea_, ii. 228. ---- _rubra_, ii. 91. Agues, i. 29, 180. _Aira alpina_, ii. 279. Aland, ii. 233. _Alca Torda_, i. 64, 65. Alder, hoary-leaved, i. 48, 51. ii. 277. _Alnus incana_, ii. 277. _Alopecurus geniculatus_, ii. 92. Alps, Lapland, i. 283-322. ii. 1-81, 257. ---- Dr. Wahlenberg's observations to determine their height, ii. 272. _Amanita_, ii. 158. Amusements of the Laplanders, ii. 50-58. _Anas arctica_, i. 65. _Andromeda cærulea_, i. 272. ii. 278. ---- _hypnoides_, i. 320. ii. 280. ---- _polifolia_, i. 23, 188, 189. ---- _tetragona_, ii. 28, 29, 280. _Anemone Hepatica_, i. 11, 32. ii. 228. ---- _ranunculoides_, i. 11. ---- _vernalis_, i. 15. _Angelica Archangelica_, i. 171. ii. 60, 108, 278. ---- _sylvestris_, i. 171, 316. ii. 76. Angermanland, i. 48. Animals of the alps, ii. 82, 83. _Anthericum calyculatum_, i. 257. _Apis terrestris_, i. 159. Apple-trees, i. 61. _Arabis thaliana_, i. 33. _Aranea palustris_, } ---- _riparia_, } i. 258. _Arbutus alpina_, ii. 278. ---- _Uva ursi_, i. 7, 23, 250. _Ardea cinerea_, ii. 255. _Arena Glarea_, i. 7, 16, 32, 82, 123, 166. ---- _mobilis_, i. 16. _Artemisia vulgaris_, ii. 201. _Arum_, i. 200. _Arundo Calamagrostis_, ii. 90. ---- _Phragmites_, ii. 275. Ash, i. 68. Aspen, i. 77, 179. _Aspidium Filix-fœmina_, ii. 227. _Asplenium Trichomanes_, i. 55. _Astragalus alpinus_, i. 160, 256, 366. ii. 2. ---- _leontinus_, ii. 279. ---- _montanus_, ii. 279. _Azalea lapponica_, i. 299. ii. 279. ---- _procumbens_, i. 285. ii. 279. B.