_Tho_ occurs for _then_ in l. 3184; and for _the_ in l. 247. _At_ occurs as well as _that_; _atte_ as well as _at the_, 627, 1055. The short forms _ma_ (make), _ta_ (take), _sent_ (sendeth), _stant_ (standeth), are sometimes found; the two former being Northumbrian. _Has_ is used twice as a _plural_ verb (ll. 481, 496).[P13] [Footnote P13: “The plural in Scottish always ends in _-s_ after a noun or when the verb is separated from its pronoun; we still say _the men hes_, _the bairns sings_, _them ’at cums_, not _have_, _sing_, _come_. Notice the frequent use of _th_ for _t_, as in l. 497, _Presumyth_ = _presumit_, presumed, it being presumed.” --J. A. H. Murray. [Or, _presumyth_ may be the pl. imperative, as in _Remembrith_ (l. 797), already noticed. --ED.] ] _Ȝha_ (yes) occurs in l. 2843; but we also meet with _ȝhis_, or _yis_; with reference to which Mr Morris writes:-- “The latter term was not much in favour with the people of the North. Even now _yes_ sounds offensive to a Lancashire man. ‘Hoo cou’d naw opp’n hur meawth t’ sey _eigh_ (yea) or _now_ (no); boh simpurt on sed _iss_; th’ dickons iss hur on him too. --_Tim Bobbin._’” In fact, the distinction between _ȝha_ and _ȝhis_, which I have pointed out in _William of Palerne_ (Glossary, s.v. _ȝis_), viz., that _ȝha_ merely assents, whilst _ȝhis_ shews that the speaker has an opinion of his own, is in this poem observed. Thus, in l. 2843, _ȝha_ = “yes, I admit that I do;” but in l. 514, _yis_ = “yes, but you had better do so;” in l. 1397, _ȝhis_ = “yes, indeed I will;” and in l. 3406, _ȝis_ = “yes, but I cannot accept your answer.”[P14] The true distinction between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of Palerne_, Pref. p. xli) is also generally observed. Thus the Green Bird, in the Prologue, considers the poet to be a fool, and calls him _thou_; but the clerks, in addressing Arthur (l. 498) politely say _ye_. And again, Amytans, when rebuking Arthur, frequently calls him _thou_, without any ceremony. Cf. ll. 659, 908, 921, 2839, &c. [Footnote P14: “This _ȝis_ is the common form in the Scottish writers, though _ay_ is largely the modern vernacular.” --J. A. H. Murray.] As regards the vocabulary, we find that some Northumbrian terms have been employed, but others thrown aside. Thus, while we find the Northumbrian words _thir_ (these), _traist_ (trust), _newis_ (neives, fists), _radour_ (fear), etc., we do not, on the other hand, meet with the usual Scottish word _mirk_, but observe it to be supplanted by _dirk_ (l. 2471). So, again, _eke_ is used in the sense of _also_, instead of being a verb, as more usual in Northern works. We may note, too, the occurrence of _frome_ as well as _fra_, and the Scottish form _thyne-furth_ (thenceforth) in l. 2196.