Russian literature -- 19th century -- History and criticism
The second story is about a man who “exchanged” his sentence. It
happened thus: A party of exiles were going to Siberia. Some were
going to prison, some were merely exiled; some were going to work in
factories, but all were going together. They stopped somewhere on the
way in the Government of Perm. Among these exiles there was a man
called Mikhailov, who was condemned to a life sentence for murder. He
was a cunning fellow, and made up his mind to exchange his sentence. He
comes across a simple fellow called Shushilov, who was merely condemned
to a few years’ transportation, that is to say, he had to live in
Siberia and not in European Russia for a few years. This latter man
was naïve, ignorant, and, moreover, had no money of his own. Mikhailov
made friends with him and finally made him drunk, and then proposed to
him an exchange of sentences. Mikhailov said: “It is true that I am
going to prison, but I am going to some _special department_,” which he
explained was a particular favour, as it was a kind of first class.
Shushilov, under the influence of drink, and being simple-minded,
was full of gratitude for the offer, and Mikhailov taking advantage
of his simplicity bought his name from him for a red shirt and a
silver rouble, which he gave him on the spot, before witnesses. On
the following day Shushilov spent the silver rouble and sold the red
shirt for drink also, but as soon as he became sober again he regretted
the bargain. Then Mikhailov said to him: “If you regret the bargain
give me back my money.” This he could not do; it was impossible for
him to raise a rouble. At the next _étape_ at which they stopped,
when their names were called and the officer called out Mikhailov,
Shushilov answered and Mikhailov answered to Shushilov’s name, and the
result was that when they left Tobolsk, Mikhailov was sent somewhere
to spend a few years in exile, and Shushilov became a “lifer”; and the
special department which the other man talked of as a kind of superior
class, turned out to be the department reserved for the most desperate
criminals of all, those who had no chance of ever leaving prison, and
who were most strictly watched and guarded. It was no good complaining;
there was no means of rectifying the mistake. There were no witnesses.
Had there been witnesses they would have perjured themselves. And
so Shushilov, who had done nothing at all, received the severest
sentence the Russian Government had power to inflict, whereas the
other man, a desperate criminal, merely enjoyed a few years’ change
of air in the country. The most remarkable thing about this story is
this: Dostoievsky tells us that the convicts despised Shushilov, not
because he had exchanged his sentence, but because he had made so bad
a bargain, and had only got a red shirt and a silver rouble. Had he
exchanged it for two or three shirts and two or three roubles, they
would have thought it quite natural.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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