Produced by Al Haines LANDMARKS IN THE HISTORY OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY BY KIRSOPP LAKE, D.D. WINN PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1920 COPYRIGHT TO H. R. {vii} PREFACE The following chapters are the lectures given in the spring of 1919 on the Haskell Foundation of Oberlin College. They have been somewhat expanded in the course of preparation for the press, but have not been materially changed. At the time of the delivery of these lectures I was busy with the chapter on "Primitive Christianity" in the _Prolegomena to Acts_, and was glad of the opportunity to re-state some of the conclusions reached in that book in a less technical form and with more attention to their bearing on some of the larger questions of religion and thought, such as the Teaching of Jesus, the Hope of Immortality, and the Development of Christology. I did not hesitate to make use of one or two paragraphs from the larger book, and I think that my friend, Mr. C. G. Montefiore, will forgive me for having borrowed two beautiful stories from his chapter in it. I am greatly indebted to the Faculty of Oberlin {viii} College not only for the privilege of lecturing to them, but also for the hospitality extended to me during a very pleasant week and for the beginning of new and delightful friendships. KIRSOPP LAKE. CAMBRIDGE, MASS., _April_ 1920. CONTENTS CHAPTER I GALILEE PAGE Introduction--The history of Christianity as a series of syntheses--The Jewish world--The Kingdom of God--Repentance--The teaching of Jesus as compared with his Jewish contemporaries 1 CHAPTER II JERUSALEM The Synoptic Problem and Acts--Inspiration--Communism--Messianic doctrine--The Christ--The Son of Man--The Son of God . . . . . 36 CHAPTER III ANTIOCH The spread of Christianity--Damascus--The Hellenist missionaries--Paul's visit to Jerusalem--The source-criticism of Acts--The traditions of Jerusalem and Antioch . . . . . . . 57 CHAPTER IV CORINTH Christianity as a Graeco-Oriental cult--Salvation--The reasons for the victory of Christianity--Jesus as an historic person--The personality of Jesus--The Fatherhood of God--Baptism--Immortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 {x} CHAPTER V ROME AND EPHESUS Paul's contribution--Adoptionism--Roman documents--Romans--Hebrews--1 Peter--1 Clement--Hermas--Baptism and repentance--Pre-existent Christology--The later Epistles--The Fourth Gospel--The doctrine of the Logos--Justin Martyr--Origen--Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 APPENDIX The Interpretation of _The Shepherd of Hermas_. By F. S. Mackenzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 ADDITIONAL NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141