Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
History
Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911
Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
Aeronautics; Flight
After much delay, due to various causes, the quarter-size model,
as shown in plan, end elevation, side elevation and three-quarter
elevation in Plates 71 and 72, respectively, was taken down the river
in June, 1901, in order to make some tests with it from the small
house-boat, which had been previously moved to the middle of the river
opposite Widewater, Va. A test of it in free flight was made on June
18, its condition at this time being shown by Data Sheet No. 12 in
Appendix. The launching apparatus worked perfectly and the aerodrome
started off on an absolutely even keel, dropping only a few inches
immediately upon leaving the launching apparatus, and continuing
straight ahead directly into the light wind of something less than
2 miles an hour. After it had gone only about 100 feet, however, it
began to descend slowly, but still maintained a perfectly even balance,
and finally touched the water about 150 feet from the house-boat,
having been in the air between 4 and 5 seconds. It was immediately
recovered, and as soon as the wings could be dried out another test
was made, as it was thought probable that the wind had interfered with
the carburetor to such an extent that the engine had not received the
proper mixture of gas. Upon this second test the launching apparatus
again worked perfectly and the aerodrome again flew straight ahead on
a perfectly even keel, and at a uniform height from the water until
it had gone about 300 feet, when it again began to descend slowly
and finally touched the water about 350 feet from the house-boat,
having been in the air about 10 seconds. While the tests were very
disappointing, owing to the extreme brevity of the flights, yet they
showed conclusively that the balancing of the aerodrome was correct,
at least as far as motion in a straight line and in a quiet atmosphere
was concerned. As one and a half horse-power, which was felt to be
the very minimum which would successfully propel the aerodrome, was
furnished by the engine only when working at its very best, and as the
change in conditions from a quiet state to a velocity of something
like 40 feet per second evidently caused a considerable drop in the
power because of the change in the gaseous mixture which the carburetor
furnished to the engine, it was decided not to make any further test
of the aerodrome until the engine cylinders could be reconstructed
so as to provide more effective means for cooling it, and thereby a
reasonable margin of power above that actually necessary. The aerodrome
was accordingly returned to Washington for the purpose of making new
cylinders for the engine. In constructing these new cylinders the
old cylinder heads from the previous cylinders were used in order to
expedite their completion. This proved in the end to be a very great
mistake, though at the time it seemed probable that the use of them
would save much delay and considerable expense. The new cylinders were
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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