Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
History
Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911
Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
Aeronautics; Flight
The total weight of the aerodrome was about 6 kilogrammes (13.2
lbs.), or, with a maximum quantity of fuel (850 cu. cm. of water,
150 cu. cm. of gasoline), [p069] less than 7 kilogrammes. From 60
to 90 pounds of steam could be maintained by the boilers for about
2 minutes, at which pressure the engines developed about 0.66 brake
horse-power, driving the 70 cm., 1.25 pitch-ratio propellers at 700
R. P. M., and giving a lift of from 2.6 to 3.0 kilos (5.7 to 6.6
pounds), or about 40 per cent of the flying weight.
The wings and tail had a total surface of 2.62 sq. m. (28.2 sq. ft.),
giving a ratio of 2.7 kilos to 1 sq. m. of wing surface (1.8 sq. ft.
per pound). If the hull resistance be neglected, the soaring speed of
this aerodrome was about 5.9 metres (19 feet) per second, or 13 miles
per hour.
Turning now to the completed No. 5, its frame was of the “double
midrod” type described above, the two tubes which formed the
frame being prolonged at the front and rear to afford points of
attachment for the wings and tail. The range through which the wings
could be shifted to adjust the position of the center of pressure
was, however, very small. The hull, which, it will be remembered,
contained all the power generating apparatus, was much stronger
and heavier than that of No. 4, and resembled somewhat the hull of
a ship. It had a frame-work of steel tubing brazed to the midrod,
to which an outer sheathing of sheet aluminum 0.3 mm. thick was
attached. It was, however, excessively heavy, weighing nearly 800
grammes.
The engine, which was mounted near the front of the hull, was the
single cylinder, one horse-power engine, described above, which drove
the two propellers by suitable gearing. The remaining parts of the
power plant were identical with those already described in connection
with No. 4, but the more advantageous location of them in No. 5
rendered them somewhat more efficient.
It had been planned to use 80 cm. propellers of 1.25 pitch-ratio on
No. 5, but it was found in the shop tests of the aerodrome that the
cross-frame was not strong enough to withstand the strains, and that
the engine could be made to work much more steadily with a smaller
propeller. Accordingly, propellers of 70 cm. diameter and 1.25
pitch-ratio, similar to those used on No. 4, were finally substituted.
For floating the aerodrome, when it descended into the water, an
air-chamber similar to that of No. 4, but of a larger capacity was
provided. With this in place on the aerodrome, it was calculated
that, if all the parts except this float and the gasoline tank
were filled with water, there would still be a buoyancy of over 2
kilogrammes.
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