If as in the time of the Holy Alliance the theocratic peoples were to ally themselves--Catholic and warlike Austria, Germany, dominated by Prussian feudalism, Russia, mystic and formidable--the whole American continent would be the bulwark of liberty. If Germans and Latins or Latins and Anglo-Saxtons were to fight between themselves the overseas {400} democracies would greatly contribute to the vitality of the Latin race. If in a Europe dominated by Slavs and Germans the peoples of the Mediterranean were forced to withdraw in painful exodus towards the blue sea peopled by the Greek islands and symbols old as the world, it is probable that the ancient myth would be realised anew, and that the torch which bears the ideal of Latin civilisation would pass from Paris to Buenos-Ayres or Rio de Janeiro, as it passed from Rome to Paris in the modern epoch, or from Greece to Rome in the classic period. America, to-day desert and divided, would save the culture of France and Italy, the heritage of the Revolution and the Renaissance, and would thus have justified to the utmost the fortunate audacity of Christopher Columbus. [1] _Essai sur le gouvernement de la Nouvelle Espagne_, vol. i. [2] _Works_, vol. ii. p. 160. [3] _National Life and Character_, pp. 102 _et seq_. {401} INDEX _Names in italics are those of literary men, philosophers, &c._ NDX A.B.C., the (federation), 348-9 Aberdeen, Lord, 64 Absolutism, 51 _Acosta_, 247 African elements in Spain, 40-1 African race, _see_ Negroes Agriculture, 384-5 _Alberdi_, 236 Alcantara, President of Venezuela, 110 Alva, Duke of, 30 America, Anglo-Saxon, 16, _see_ United States America, South, the conquest of, 16, 44; early Constitutions, 82 Anarchy, military (86-94); leads to dictatorship, 88; spontaneity of, 89; in Colombia, 201; in the tropics, 222-31 Andes, San Martin crosses the, 67 _Andrade_, 183, 256-7 Antilles, the, 222 Arabs in Spain, 40-1 Aranda, 64 _Aranha, Graça_, 268 Arbitration, Court of, 347, 399 Argentine, the, 48, 77-8; first Constitution of, 83; 92 (134-46); revolution in, 134; early Constitutions, 134; federation of, 135; democracy in, 135; Constitution of 1826, 137-8 Artigas, 89, 127 Autocracy, follows revolution, 88, 93 _Avellanada_, 255 Ayacucho, 71 _Ayagarray_, 307 Aztecs, the, 47, 53, 149 _BALMES_, 274 Balmaceda, President of Chili, 170-8 _Barreto_, 273 Basques in S. America, 364 Belgrano, 61, 66 _Bello_, 246, 251-2, 272 _Bentham_, 245 _Bilbao_, 236-7 Blanco-Encalada, 125 Bolivar, 61, 63-9; youth of, 70; as general, 71; President, 71; downfall of, 72; character and principles, 72-80, 81-3, 102, 113, 122-3 Bolivia, 80, 122-6 Bonaparte, 88, 91 _Bourget, Paul_, 15 Boyer, President of Hayti, 229 Brazil (180-90); revolution in, 180; slavery abolished, 189; revolution in, 189 Buenos Ayres, 65 _Bunge, C. O._, 279 Bustamente, 150-1 Bureaucracy, 376-7 CABILDO, the, 98 California, Japanese in, 326 Canning, 393-4 Canovas, 314