Lead poisoning and lead absorption : $b The symptoms, pathology and prevention, with special reference to their industrial origin, and an account of the principal processes involving riskLegge, Thomas Morison, Sir
Science
Lead poisoning and lead absorption : $b The symptoms, pathology and prevention, with special reference to their industrial origin, and an account of the principal processes involving risk
Legge, Thomas Morison, Sir
Lead poisoning
The patient walks on the outside of the feet, has difficulty in
climbing stairs, and cannot stand on the toes. The toes drag on the
ground in walking, so that the foot has to be swung round at each
step, and the inner side is lifted in excess by the action of the
tibialis anticus, with uncertainty in gait. If walking is continued,
the toes drag more, and “stepping” gait is assumed by bringing into
action the muscles of the thigh. The foot cannot be flexed on the
leg; abduction of the foot and extension of the basal phalanx of the
toes is impossible. Later the peroneal muscles, extensor communis of
toes, and extensor of great toe, are paralyzed, from which fact arises
the difficulty of walking and of descending stairs, as the whole
weight of the body is supported then by the tibialis anticus. This
type corresponds with the antibrachial type of the upper extremity.
If the tibialis anticus is paralyzed, it is in association with the
gastrocnemius.
5. _Paralysis of Special Sense Organs._--Tanquerel[10] called attention
to the aphonia of horses in lead works, necessitating tracheotomy,
and Sajous[11] described adductor paralysis of the glottis in a
house-painter. Morell Mackenzie[12] also described unilateral paralysis
of the adductors in persons suffering from lead poisoning, whilst
Seifert[13] particularly describes a curious case in which paralysis of
the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles prevented contraction of
the cord in its posterior quarter, and in a second case of paralysis,
affecting the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles on both sides, the
adductors remained unaffected. What is still more interesting in
Seifert’s case is the fact that at the post-mortem old hæmorrhages
were found in the mucosa of the arytenoids and aryepiglottidean folds.
Occasionally sensory paralysis may be found in the special sense
organs--such, for instance, as loss of taste, loss of smell, and, in
addition, diminished power of hearing--but these defects rarely if ever
occur unless accompanied by distinct mental changes and generalized
paralysis.
6. _Eye._--Poisoning affects the eye in two ways:
(_a_) Defects of the visual mechanism.
(_b_) Defects of the muscular mechanism of the eye.
Lockhart Gibson[14] describes a large number of cases of paralysis of
the muscles of the eye met with amongst children in Queensland. The
cause was traced to the painted railings near which the children had
been playing. The white lead paint had somewhat disintegrated under
the action of the sun’s rays, forming an efflorescence; the children
admitted to have rubbed the paint and then sucked their fingers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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