Discipline, and responsibility placed on some one person to see to the cleanliness of the lavatory appliances and adequate supply of the necessary means for washing, can alone insure proper use of them by the persons employed. The workman has so narrow a margin of time in which to get his breakfast and dinner that he cannot be expected to wash if facilities for doing so fail. The alternative of an enamelled iron trough with jets of warmed water is in our experience much the most satisfactory installation where the number employed is more than five or six. Provision of soft soap or of soap in the form of powder, and nail-brushes nailed to the table, hinder peculation. Wooden stands for holding wash-basins present almost invariably a most uninviting appearance unless covered with sheet lead. Well-equipped wash-hand basins with hot and cold water laid on close to the work-place are sometimes provided in addition to the lavatory proper. If looked after they are valued and used, but if not they become converted into receptacles for oddments. [Illustration: FIG. 9.--GOOD WASHING AND BATH ACCOMMODATION IN A LEAD SMELTING WORKS.] [Illustration: FIG. 10.--WASHING TROUGH, DOUCHE BATHS, AND CLOTHES CUPBOARDS. Type common on the Continent.] Roller towels should be at least 15 square feet in area for every three persons employed, and renewed daily. The merits of soluble sulphides in “akremnin” soap have been advanced on the ground that the lead is converted into the insoluble black sulphide, which is thereby made visible to the eye, and the sight of which will, it is hoped, still further stimulate the desire to wash. Probably such lead as remains on the hands after well washing with soap is so closely adherent to the skin as to render risk of contamination of the food in this way negligible. Dr. Robertson, Chemist of the Royal Gunpowder Factory at Waltham Abbey, has found that results as good as those to be obtained from use of akremnin soap (and without any discoloration of the skin) are obtained from use of a solution made up as follows: Sal ammoniac added to saturation to a solution containing 8·5 c.c. of commercial hydrochloric acid (specific gravity, 1·15) per 100 c.c. of water. The procedure adopted at Waltham Abbey is--(1) Usual washing with soap, water, and a nail-brush; (2) scrubbing with the special solution by means of a nail-brush dipped in it; (3) rinsing in water; and (4) washing with soap and water. Sommerfeld[2], from his wide experience, considers that pumice-soap, with the addition of turpentine, is the best cleansing material lead-workers can use.