Roasters’ wages $0.61 “ coal (425 lb.) 0.65 Smelters’ wages 1.08 “ coal (75 lb.) 0.11 Peat and lime 0.08 ——- Total $2.53 It should be noted also that the smelters at the works where the ore was not roasted receive higher pay. In the eight-hour shift they produce about 1½ tons of lead; and as there are two of them to a furnace, they make $3.06 between them, or $1.53 each. The two men smelting roasted ore produce about two tons in an eight-hour shift, and therefore each receives $1.08 per shift. Coming now to fume-smelting in the hearth, we can again compare the results obtained in smelting raw and after roasting. It is well to bear in mind, also, that, while only 6½ per cent. of the lead goes in the fume when smelting roasted ores in the hearth, a considerably larger proportion is thus lost when smelting raw ores. When fume is smelted raw, it is best dealt with when containing about 40 per cent. of moisture. One man attends to the hearth (instead of two as when smelting ore), and in 24 hours 3000 lb. of lead is produced, the amount of coal used being 2100 lb. No lime is required. When smelting roasted fume, two men attend to the hearth and the output is 6000 lb. in 24 hours, the amount of coal used being 1800 lb. In this latter case fluorspar happens to be available (practically free of cost), and a little of it is used with advantage in fume-smelting, as well as a small quantity of lime. The cost of fume-smelting per ton of lead produced is given herewith: FUME SMELTED RAW Smelters’ wages $2.88 “ coal (1400 lb.) 2.13 ——-—- Total $5.01 FUME RECEIVING A PRELIMINARY ROAST Roasters’ wages $2.08 “ coal (1450 lb.) 2.18 Smelters’ wages 2.04 “ coal (600 lb.) 0.92 Peat and lime 0.08 ———-- Total $7.30 In this case, as in that of ore, the smelter of the raw fume gets better pay; he has $1.44 per eight-hour shift, while the smelter of the roasted ore has only $1.02 per eight-hour shift. Fume takes four hours to roast, as compared to the two hours taken by ore. From these facts regarding Scotch-hearth smelting, it would seem that with galena carrying, say, over 70 per cent. lead (but more especially with ore up to 80 per cent. in lead, and, moreover, fairly free from impurities detrimental to “free” smelting), very satisfactory results can be obtained by smelting raw. Against this, however, it must be said that at the works where the ore is roasted attempts at smelting raw have been made several times without sufficient success to justify the adoption of this method, although the ores smelted average 75 per cent. lead and seem quite suitable for the purpose.