Lead Smelting and Refining, With Some Notes on Lead Mining
Science
Lead Smelting and Refining, With Some Notes on Lead Mining
Lead -- Metallurgy; Lead mines and mining
The general arrangement of the plant is shown in Fig. 4. From the
charge-car pit there extends an inclined trestle, on an angle of 17
deg. to the charge-floor level, in line with the battery of furnaces.
The gage of the track is approximately equal to the length of the
furnaces at the top. The charge-car, actuated by a steel tail-rope,
moves sideways on this track from the charging-pit to any furnace
in the battery. The hoisting drums are located at the crest of the
incline, inside of the furnace building. At the far end of the latter
there is a tightener sheave, with a weight to keep proper tension on
the tail-rope. The charge-car has a capacity of 5 tons. It has an
A-shape bottom, and is so arranged that one attendant can quickly trip
the bolt and discharge the car.
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—Pueblo System. Longitudinal vertical section
through incline.]
While the car is making its trip the charge-wheelers are filling their
buggies, working in pairs, each man weighing up a halfcharge of a
particular ingredient. They then separate, each taking his proper place
in the line of wheelers on either side. When the car has returned, the
wheelers successively discharge their buggies into opposite ends of
the car. The coke is added last, to avoid crushing. The system is not
strictly economical of labor, since the wheelers, who must always be
ready for their car, have to wait for its return, which necessitates
more wheelers than would otherwise be required. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show
the car.
[Illustration: FIG. 5.—Pueblo Charge-car. (Side elevation.)]
A vertical section through the car filled by dumping from the two ends
will show an arrangement of coarse and fine, which is far from regular.
Analyzing its structure, we shall find a conical pile near each end,
with a valley between them, in which coarse ore will predominate. The
deflectors in the furnace, previously referred to, serve to scatter
the fines as the charge is dropped in. Without them the feeding of the
furnace would be a failure; with them it is successful, though not so
completely as might be, the furnaces having a tendency to run with hot
tops. With the battery of seven furnaces, each smelting an average of
100 tons of ore per day, the saving, as compared with hand-feeding,
was $63 per day, or 9c. per ton of ore, this including cost of steam,
but not wear and tear on the machinery. This is distinctly a maximum
figure; with fewer furnaces the fixed charges of the mechanical feed
would soon increase the cost per ton to such a figure that the two
systems would be about equal in economy.
[Illustration: FIG. 6.—Pueblo Charge-car. (Plan.)]
[Illustration: FIG. 7.—Pueblo Charge-car. (End elevation.)]
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