Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 64437-h.htm or 64437-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/64437/64437-h/64437-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/64437/64437-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/leadersofpeoples00clayiala [Illustration: _John Hampden._ _From a print by J. Houbraken 1740._] LEADERS OF THE PEOPLE Studies in Democratic History by JOSEPH CLAYTON ❦ ❦ With a Frontispiece in Photogravure and Numerous Other Illustrations New York: Mitchell Kennerley Two East Twenty-Ninth Street · MCMXI To the Memory of FREDERICK YORK POWELL Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford 1894–1904 “I loved him in life and I love him none the less in death: for what I loved in him is not dead.” CONTENTS _Page_ PREFACE xi I. ARCHBISHOP ANSELM AND NORMAN AUTOCRACY, 1093–1130 3 II. THOMAS OF CANTERBURY, THE DEFENDER OF THE POOR, 1162–1170 33 III. WILLIAM FITZOSBERT, THE FIRST ENGLISH AGITATOR, 1188–1189 69 IV. STEPHEN LANGTON AND THE GREAT CHARTER, 1207–1215 81 V. BISHOP GROSSETESTE, THE REFORMER, 1235–1253 99 VI. SIMON OF MONTFORT AND THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT, 1258–1265 117 VII. WAT TYLER AND THE PEASANT REVOLT, 1381 141 VIII. JACK CADE, THE CAPTAIN OF KENT, 1450 173 IX. SIR THOMAS MORE AND FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE, 1529–1535 193 X. ROBERT KET AND THE NORFOLK RISING, 1549 217 XI. ELIOT, HAMPDEN, AND PYM AND THE SUPREMACY OF THE COMMONS, 1626–1643 245 XII. JOHN LILBURNE AND THE LEVELLERS, 1647–1653 277 XIII. WINSTANLEY THE DIGGER, 1649–1650 293 XIV. MAJOR CARTWRIGHT, THE FATHER OF REFORM, 1776–1820 307 XV. ERNEST JONES AND CHARTISM, 1838–1868 319 CONCLUSION 335 INDEX 339 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS JOHN HAMPDEN _From the Engraving by Jacob Houbraken_ _Frontispiece_ facing p. ARCHBISHOP ANSELM _From an Old French Engraving in the British Museum_ 3 THOMAS À BECKET _From an Engraving after Van Eyck_ 33 KING RICHARD II. _From the Panel Painting in the Sanctuary in Westminster Abbey_ 141