Leaders of the People: Studies in Democratic HistoryClayton, Joseph
History
Leaders of the People: Studies in Democratic History
Clayton, Joseph
Democracy; Great Britain -- History
In 1548 Protector Somerset had followed Wolsey’s footsteps in issuing
a proclamation for a royal commission to inquire and report concerning
enclosures, and to give the names of all who kept more than two
thousand sheep or who had “taken from any other their commons.”[97]
The commissioners were also “to reform” any cases of the enclosing of
commons and highways, “without due recompense,” which they might find;
“and to the intent your doings may proceed without all suspicion, and
the people conceive some good hope of reformation at your hands, we
would that as many of you as be in any of the cases to be reformed, do
first, for example’s sake, begin to the reformation of yourselves.”
Somerset’s ingenuous suggestion was naturally disregarded by the
commissioners, and beyond making inquiries and publishing a report--to
the effect that in the counties of Suffolk, Essex, Hertford, Kent, and
Worcester nearly all the common lands[98] had been enclosed, while in
Norfolk and Northampton large enclosures had been made--the commission
of 1548 was as fruitless as its predecessors. Somerset, however, got
some reputation by it as an enemy to the enclosures, and certainly
incurred the dislike of the landowners. But where Wolsey, in the
hey-day of power, had failed, there was small chance of success for
Somerset, with the country in a state of anarchy, and the nation rent
and distracted by a violent revolution in the Church.
The only strong movement to prevent the utter downfall of the
country-people was the Norfolk Rising, which Robert Ket directed in
the summer of 1549. It failed in the end, but for more than six weeks
the power of the landlords was broken round Norwich, their enclosures
were stopped, and the hope of better things filled the hearts of the
peasants.
The rising began at Attleborough on 20th June when Squire Green, of
Wylby, set up fences and hedges round the common lands at Harpham and
Attleborough, and the people, excited by news that in Kent similar
fences had been destroyed, proceeded to pull them down. For the next
fortnight the revolt had neither leaders nor organization. “There were
secret meetings of men running hither and thither, and then withdrawing
themselves for secret conferences, but at length they all began to
deal tumultuously and to rage openly.” On July 7th the annual feast at
Wymondham, in honour of the translation of St. Thomas of Canterbury,
brought the country folk together from miles round; and at the close
of the fair they all set off to break down the fences set up round the
common lands at Hetherset by one Sergeant Flowerdew.[99]
Flowerdew, unable to save his fences, proposed a diversion. The Kets at
Wymondham had made enclosures, why shouldn’t the rioters deal with them
in similar fashion? Flowerdew actually paid over 40d. to encourage an
attack on the Kets.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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