[138] “The ministers had met the Chartist outbreaks with strong, repressive measures, and here they had the concurrence of parliament, which had no sympathy with the movement. The House of Commons, indeed, had little understanding of the processes that were maturing outside its walls. The industrial and the social evolution went on almost unnoticed by statesmen and politicians absorbed in the party controversy.”--Sidney Low and Lloyd Sanders, _Political History of England_, 1837–1901. See also Hansard’s _Parliamentary Debates_ for these years. [139] “The least satisfactory feature of English life in 1846 was the condition of the labouring classes. Politically they were dumb, for they had no parliamentary votes. Socially they were depressed, though their lot had been considerably improved by an increased demand for labour and by the removal of taxes in Peel’s great Budget of 1842. That was the year in which the misery of the English proletariat reached its lowest depth.”--Herbert Paul, _History of Modern England_. [140] Stephens, a “hot-headed” Chartist preacher, put the case as he, a typical agitator of the day, saw it in 1839: “The principle of the People’s Charter is the right of every man to have his home, his hearth, and his happiness. The question of universal suffrage is after all a knife-and-fork question. It means that every workman has a right to have a good hat and coat, a good roof, a good dinner, no more work than will keep him in health, and as much wages as will keep him in plenty.”--See R. G. Gamage, _History of the Chartist Movement_. [141] Charles Kingsley, who is said to have signed the petition, gives his view of April 10th in _Alton Locke_. [142] See Hansard, June, 1849. INDEX Adam of Marsh, Franciscan friar, friend of Grosseteste and de Montfort, 120, 130 Aldrich, an Alderman of Norwich, 229, 231 Alexander III., Pope, 45, 56 Anselm, Abbot of Bec, 8; called to court of William II., 8; appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, 9; refuses to give up church lands, 11; firm attitude at Council of Rockingham, 15; semblance of peace with the king, 16; leaves England, 18; returns at request of Henry I., 19; his services to the king, 21; dispute with the king, 23; reconciliation, 26; his death and character, 27–30; his birthplace, 30 Appleton, William, 161 Ayscough, Bishop of Salisbury, impeached for treason, 174; murdered at Erdington, 175 Bailey, John, hanged by Cade, 184 Ball, John, itinerant priest from York, preaches social revolution, 143; released from Maidstone prison by Wat Tyler, 153; preaches to Tyler’s followers at Blackheath, 153; hanged as a rebel, 167 Barton, Elizabeth, “Holy Maid of Kent,” 206