Transcriber's note: Spelling and punctuation inconsistencies been harmonized. Obvious printer errors have been repaired. Italic text has been marked with _underscores_. Bold text has been marked with =equal signs=. Subscript numbers have been rendered, as for example for subscript 2, as _{2}. LEATHER _Common Commodities and Industries Series_ Each book in crown 8vo, cloth, with many illustrations, charts, etc. =2s. 6d.= net. =Tea: From Grower to Consumer.= By A. Ibbetson. =Coffee: From Grower to Consumer.= By B. B. Keable. =Sugar: Cane and Beet.= By Geo. Martineau, C.B. =Cotton: From the Raw Material to the Finished Product.= By R. J. Peake. =Rubber: Production and Utilisation of the Raw Product.= By C. Beadle and H. P. Stevens, M.A., Ph.D., F.I.C. =Iron and Steel: Their Production and Manufacture.= By C. Hood. =Silk: Its Production and Manufacture.= By Luther Hooper. =Tobacco: From Grower to Smoker.= By A. E. Tanner. =Wool: From the Raw Material to the Finished Product.= By J. A. Hunter. =Coal: Its Origin, Method of Working, and Preparation for the Market.= By Francis H. Wilson, M. Inst. M.E. =Linen: From the Field to the Finished Product.= By Alfred S. Moore. =Timber: From the Forest to its Use in Commerce.= By William Bullock. =Clays and Clay Products.= By A. B. Searle. =Leather: From the Raw Material to the Finished Product.= By K. J. Adcock. =Oils: Animal, Vegetable, Essential, and Mineral.= By C. Ainsworth Mitchell, B.A., F.I.C. =Wheat and its Products.= By A. Millar. =Copper: From the Ore to the Metal.= By H. K. Picard, Assoc. Royal School of Mines, Mem. Inst. of Min. and Met. =Paper: Its History, Sources, and Production.= By H. A. Maddox. =Glass and Glass Manufacture.= By Percival Marson. =Soap: Its Composition, Manufacture, and Properties.= By William H. Simmons. =The Motor Industry.= By Horace Wyatt, B.A. =The Boot and Shoe Industry.= By J. S. Harding. =Gums and Resins.= By Ernest J. Parry. =Furniture.= By H. E. Binstead. _Other Volumes in preparation._ [Illustration: BLEACHING OIL-TANNED LEATHER BY EXPOSURE TO THE SUN The Rosary Leather Mills. Ashtead] _PITMAN'S COMMON COMMODITIES AND INDUSTRIES_ LEATHER FROM THE RAW MATERIAL TO THE FINISHED PRODUCT BY K. J. ADCOCK LONDON SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD., 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.4 BATH, MELBOURNE AND NEW YORK PRINTED BY SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD., LONDON, BATH, MELBOURNE AND NEW YORK CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. EVOLUTION OF LEATHER MANUFACTURE 1 II. HIDES AND SKINS 5 III. TANNING MATERIALS 32 IV. MACHINERY 52 V. PREPARATION OF HIDES AND SKINS FOR TANNING 62