Lectures on ancient ethnography and geography, volume 2 (of 2) : $b comprising Greece and her colonies, Epirus, Macedonia, Illyricum, Italy, Gaul, Spain, Britain, the north of Africa, etc.Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Lectures on ancient ethnography and geography, volume 2 (of 2) : $b comprising Greece and her colonies, Epirus, Macedonia, Illyricum, Italy, Gaul, Spain, Britain, the north of Africa, etc.
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Ethnology; Geography, Ancient; History, Ancient
Ancient Carthage consisted of two parts, viz., the city called _Bozra_
(the Greeks call it Βύρσα), and the suburb _Megara_, the Punic name
of which was probably Magal. The remaining part of the peninsula may
have been included under this name. These suburban districts were
protected against the attacks of the barbarous Libyans by walls across
the isthmus.[77] We must not imagine that there was a separate acra
besides Byrsa, the elevation of which is insignificant, only the point
containing the temple of Aesculapius may perhaps be compared to a
real acra. According to Timaeus, Carthage was built thirty-seven[78]
years before the commencement of the Olympiads; this may be regarded
as a settled date, as we see from the work of Josephus against Apion,
for the Phoenician authorities, which he followed, are thoroughly
trustworthy, and perfectly agree with the books of Samuel and Kings in
the Old Testament. The books of Judges are of later origin, and contain
chronological impossibilities; but from the time of David we have
contemporary and quite trustworthy history; some few erroneous dates are
probably mere slips in writing. In the reigns of Manasseh and Amon there
are a few incorrect statements, and I have shown where the mistake of
from twenty to thirty years is probably concealed,[79] but I cannot say
how the text is to be emended. After the first three centuries, Carthage
had already acquired many possessions in Byzacene, that is, the country
from the headland on the bay to the lesser Syrtis; in Sardinia, too,
it exercised a powerful influence, and some Punic settlements already
existed in Spain. But not long before that time, Carthage was still
engaged in deadly war with the Libyans, and its rule certainly did
not extend to the interior of Africa. The real greatness of the city
lasted about 150 years, from about the close of the Peloponnesian to the
commencement of the first Punic war.
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