Lectures on Stellar StatisticsCharlier, C. V. L. (Carl Vilhelm Ludwig)
Science
Lectures on Stellar Statistics
Charlier, C. V. L. (Carl Vilhelm Ludwig)
Astronomy; Milky Way; Stars
I. _The position of the stars_ is here generally given in galactic
longitude (_l_) and latitude (_b_). Moreover their equatorial
coordinates (α and δ) are given in an abridged notation (αδ), where the
first four numbers give the right ascension in hours and minutes and the
last two numbers give the declination in degrees, the latter being
printed in italics if the declination is negative.
Eventually the position is given in galactic squares, as defined in §2.
II. _The apparent motion of the stars_ will be given in radial
components (_W_) expressed in sir./st. and their motion perpendicular to
the line of sight. These components will be expressed in one component
(_u_0_) parallel to the galactic plane, and one component (_v_0_)
perpendicular to it. If the distance (_r_) is known we are able to
convert these components into components of the linear velocity
perpendicular to the line of sight (_U_ and _V_).
III. _The intensity of the light_ of the stars is expressed in
magnitudes. We may distinguish between the _apparent_ magnitude (_m_)
and the _absolute_ magnitude (_M_), the latter being equal to the value
of the apparent magnitude supposing the star to be situated at a
distance of one siriometer.
The apparent magnitude may be either the _photographic_ magnitude
(_m′_), obtained from a photographic plate, or the _visual_ magnitude
(_m_) obtained with the eye.
The difference between these magnitudes is called the _colour-index_
(_c_ = _m′_-_m_).
IV. _The characteristics of the stellar radiation_ are the mean
wave-length (λ_0) and the dispersion (σ) in the wave-length. _The mean
wave-length_ may be either directly determined (perhaps as _effective_
wave-length) or found from the spectral type (spectral index) or from
the colour-index.
There are in all eight attributes of the stars which may be found from
the observations:--the spherical position of the star (_l_, _b_), its
distance (_r_), proper motion (_u_0_ and _v_0_), radial velocity (_W_),
apparent magnitude (_m_ or _m′_), absolute magnitude (_M_), spectral
type (_Sp_) or spectral index (_s_), and colour-index (_c_). Of these
the colour-index, the spectral type, the absolute magnitude and also (to
a certain degree) the radial velocity may be considered as independent
of the place of the observer and may therefore be considered not as only
apparent but also as _absolute_ attributes of the stars.
Between three of these attributes (_m_, _M_ and _r_) a mathematical
relation exists so that one of them is known as soon as the other two
have been found from observations.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: Meddelanden från Lunds Observatorium, No. 41.]
[Footnote 2: Meddelanden från Lunds Astronomiska Observatorium, Serie
II, No. 14.]
[Footnote 3: Annals of the Harvard Observatory, vol. 50.]
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