Garcilasso el Inca de la Vega 137 Peruvian civilization 139 Huayna Capac's taxation 142 Social, political and military organization of Peru 143 Education 152 Material well-being 153 The legend of the Incas: Manco Capac and Mama Ogllo 156 Were the Incas really the sole civilizers of Peru? 159 Succession of the Incas and character of their rule 160 Free-thinking Incas 161 Huayna Capac's departure from traditional maxims 166 LECTURE V. THE FALL OF THE INCAS.--PERUVIAN MYTHOLOGY PRIESTHOOD. PAGE Recapitulation 171 Atahualpa and Pizarro 172 Father Valverde's discourse 174 Atahualpa's imprisonment and death 176 Inca pretenders 179 Worship of the Sun and Moon 182 Viracocha, god of fertilizing showers 184 His consort, Mama Cocha 186 Old Peruvian hymn 187 Pachacamac, god of internal fire 188 The myth of Pacari Tambo 191 Cuycha, the rainbow 194 Chasca, the planet Venus 194 Worship of fire 195 Worship of the thunder 196 Worship of esculent plants 197 Worship of animals 198 The Huacas 199 Peruvian priesthood 202 The Virgins of the Sun 204 Punishment of faithless nuns 206 Independent parallelisms, illustrated by the "couvade" 208 LECTURE VI. PERUVIAN CULTUS AND FESTIVALS.--MORALS AND THE FUTURE LIFE.--CONCLUSIONS. PAGE Peruvian temples 215 Sacrifices 218