St. Saviour’s, Southwark--Choir of Temple Church, London--Chapel at Lambeth--Westminster Abbey--Its Italian mosaic work, monuments, and ancient reredos--Chapel of St. Etheldreda, Holborn--St. Alban’s Abbey--Priory Church, Dunstable--Stone Church near Gravesend--Waltham Cross--Jesus Chapel, Cambridge--Ely and Peterborough Cathedrals--Warmington Church--West Walton Abbey--Crowland Abbey--St. Mary’s and All Saints, Stamford--Ketton, Grantham, and Frampton Churches--Lincoln Cathedral--Southwell Minster--Newstead Abbey--York Cathedral--St. Mary’s Abbey, and St. Leonard’s Hospital, York--Skelton Church--Beverley and Ripon Minsters--Fountains, Rivaulx, Whitby, Kirkham, and Guisborough Abbeys--Chapel of the Nine Altars, Durham--Hexham and Dryburgh Abbeys--Chapel of Holyrood--Elgin and Glasgow Cathedrals--Furness Abbey--Southern examples--Most great churches in France vaulted, not so in England--Universal excellence of workmanship from 1175 to 1400--Domestic architecture of France, Germany, Italy, and England--Influence of thirteenth century work on our artistic practice Page 170 LECTURE VI. The Rationale of Gothic Architecture. Contradictory opinions as to the character and origin of Gothic Architecture--True causes of its origin--The arch--The Romans eminently practical--Two defects in their architecture--Practical improvements--Use of small materials--Arches in rims--Sub-ordinating rims--Imposts--Pilaster capitals--Decorative columns--Romanesque arch decorations--Labels--Clustered columns--Weight of arches on columns--Doorways--Windows--Rejection of ancient rules of proportion--Efforts to improve construction and decoration in the twelfth century--Absolute demand for an arch of less pressure and for an abutment of greater resistance--_Ribbed_ as distinguished from _arris_ vaulting--Reasons for adopting the former--Pointed arch as effecting proportion Page 215 LECTURE VII. The Rationale of Gothic Architecture--_continued_. The bases of a thirteenth century church indicate the plan and construction of the vaulting--The system of mouldings--Windows, their development--Rationale of stained glass--A general principle of ornamentation common to all good architecture--The roof--Secular buildings--Cloth market Yprès--Warehouses, Nuremburg--Windows in secular and ecclesiastical buildings--Trabeated architecture in its truest forms--Fireplaces--Chimney-shafts--Oriel and Dormer windows--Ceilings--Subordination of external design to internal requirements--Designs adapted to the materials most readily obtained--Conditions demanded of our future architecture--Gothic architecture well fitted to unite these conditions Page 246 A Digression concerning Windows Page 276 LECTURE VIII. On the Practical Study of Gothic Architecture.