Legal Chemistry: A Guide to the Detection of Poisons, Examination of Tea, Stains, Etc., as Applied to Chemical JurisprudenceNaquet, Alfred
Science
Legal Chemistry: A Guide to the Detection of Poisons, Examination of Tea, Stains, Etc., as Applied to Chemical Jurisprudence
Naquet, Alfred
Chemistry, Forensic; Poisons
[F] Owing to the impurities often occurring in zinc, the use of
distilled magnesium in Marsh's apparatus has also been suggested. This
metal is now to be obtained in a state of great purity; it is,
however, sometimes contaminated with silicium, which body likewise
gives rise to a metallic deposit, but one that is readily
distinguished from arsenical spots by its insolubility in nitric acid,
_aqua regia_, and in hypochlorite of soda. The presence of magnesium
causes the precipitation of the non-volatile metals possibly contained
in the fluid tested for arsenic.--_Trans._
It should be borne in mind that the solution introduced into Marsh's
apparatus must not contain organic substances, and that, in case their
destruction has been accomplished by means of nitric acid all traces of
this compound are to be removed. The sulphuric acid used should also be
completely freed from nitrous vapors. According to _M. Blondeau_,
nascent hydrogen in the presence of nitrous compounds converts the acids
of arsenic not into arsenetted hydrogen (As H{3}), but into the _solid_
arsenide of hydrogen (As{4} H{2}). This latter compound, upon which pure
nascent hydrogen has no effect, is transformed into gaseous arsenetted
hydrogen by the simultaneous action of nascent hydrogen and organic
substances. These facts are of the greatest importance, for they might
possibly cause a loss of arsenic when it is present, as well as
determine its discovery when it is absent.
The first case is supposable: should traces of nitric acid remain in
the solution, the arsenic would be transformed into solid arsenide of
hydrogen and its detection rendered impossible. The second case may also
occur: if the zinc placed in the apparatus contains arsenic, and the
sulphuric acid used contains nitrous compounds, the evolved gas will
fail to exhibit any evidence of the presence of arsenic, owing to the
formation of the solid arsenide of hydrogen. Upon adding the suspected
solution, which, perchance, may still contain organic substances, this
arsenide is converted into arsenetted hydrogen, and the presence of
arsenic will be detected, although the solution under examination was
originally free from this metal.
RASPAIL'S METHOD.
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