Legal Chemistry: A Guide to the Detection of Poisons, Examination of Tea, Stains, Etc., as Applied to Chemical JurisprudenceNaquet, Alfred
Science
Legal Chemistry: A Guide to the Detection of Poisons, Examination of Tea, Stains, Etc., as Applied to Chemical Jurisprudence
Naquet, Alfred
Chemistry, Forensic; Poisons
_d._ BORIC ACID.--The filtrate from the precipitate of phosphate of
alumina is evaporated to dryness, the residue mixed with sulphuric acid
and alcohol, and the latter ignited. If the substance contains _boric
acid_, the alcohol will burn with a _green_ flame.
The _filtrate_, separated from the precipitate produced by the addition
of nitrate of baryta, may contain hydrochloric, hydrobromic and
hydriodic acids. In order to detect these compounds, some nitrate of
silver is added to the solution, and the precipitate that may form
carefully washed and decomposed by fusion with potassa. The mass is then
dissolved in water, and the solution submitted to the following tests:
_e._ HYDRIODIC ACID.--Some starch paste and nitric acid--containing
nitrous acid in solution--are added to a portion of the solution: in
presence of an _iodide_, the fluid immediately acquires a blue color.
_f._ HYDROBROMIC ACID.--In case iodine has not been detected, chlorine
water and ether are added to a second portion of the fluid, and the
mixture well agitated. If _bromine_ be present, the ether will assume a
_brown_ color. In case iodine is also contained in the fluid, and the
detection of bromine is desired, it is necessary to acidulate the
solution with hydrochloric acid, and then shake it with chloride of lime
and bisulphide of carbon. The bisulphide of carbon dissolves the iodine,
acquiring a _violet_ color, which disappears upon a renewed addition of
chloride of lime; whereas, in presence of bromine an _orange_ coloration
remains, even after the disappearance of the iodine reaction.
_g._ HYDROCHLORIC ACID.--Since the substance under examination will
already contain hydrochloric acid, it is unnecessary, in most cases, to
institute a search for this compound. Nevertheless, it may be well to
take a quantity of the solution, corresponding to a known weight of the
original substance, and precipitate the acid by adding nitrate of
silver. The precipitate formed is dried and weighed. It is then heated
in a current of chlorine, in order to completely convert it into
chloride of silver, and its weight again determined. Only in case the
amount of chloride found is very large, is it to be inferred that the
poisoning has been caused by hydrochloric acid.
_h._ HYDROSULPHURIC ACID.--(_Sulphuretted hydrogen_). If the precipitate
produced by nitrate of silver possesses a black color, it may consist of
a _sulphide_. Upon treating a portion with solution of hyposulphite of
soda, all but the sulphide of silver is dissolved. In case a residue
remains, it is calcined with nitrate of soda, and the sulphate formed
detected by adding a soluble barium salt to its solution.
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