What should have followed this [the _Timaeus_], but is only
commenced in the fragment of the _Critias_, would have been
the story, not of a fall, but of the triumph of reason in
humanity.... Not only the _Timaeus_, but the unfinished
whole of which it forms the introduction, is professedly an
imaginative creation. For the legend of prehistoric Athens and
of Atlantis, whereof Critias was to relate what belonged to
internal policy and Hermocrates the conduct of the war, would
have been no other than a prose poem, a “mythological lie,”
composed in the spirit of the _Republic_, and in the form of a
fictitious narrative.[13]
Jowett takes substantially the same view in his introduction to the
“Critias,” indicating surprise at the innocent, literal, matter-of-fact
way in which the former existence and destruction of great Atlantis
have generally been accepted as sober declarations of fact and
accounted for in divers fashions accordingly. Nor is this estimate of
the Atlantis tale as primarily a romance of enlightenment and uplifting
a merely modern theory. Plutarch, in a passage quoted by Schuller,
lays more stress on Plato’s tendency to adorn the subject, treating
Atlantis as a delightful spot in some fair field unoccupied, than on
ennobling imagination, and avers the described magnificence to be “such
as no other story, fable, or poem ever had.”[14] But this, whether
wholly adequate or no, surely emphasizes the recognition of romance.
Plutarch adds a word of regret that Plato began the “delightful” story
late in life and died before the work was completed. The precise motive
of the fiction is only of minor importance to our present inquiry. It
seems hardly possible that the development of the composition in the
remaining two parts of the trilogy could have given it a more authentic
historical cast. As the matter stands Atlantis is rather succinctly
reported in the “Timaeus,” more fully and with mythological and
architectural adornments in the later “Critias” till it breaks off in
the middle of a sentence; but the two accounts are consistent. It seems
a clear case of evolution suddenly arrested but allowing us fairly to
infer the character of the whole from the parts that remain.
If there were any corroboration of the tale, it would count on the
historical side; but it seems to be agreed that Greek literature and
art before Plato do not supply this in any unequivocal and reliable
form. Certain hints or contributory items will be dealt with below, but
they do not affect the character of the story as a whole nor tend to
establish the reality of its main features.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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