HISTORICAL SUMMARY. Heg. 387 (A.D. 997).--On the death of Subooktugeen, his second son Ismaeel, who had prevailed on his father in the latter’s last moments to appoint him his successor, ascended the throne of Ghizny. Mahmood, though an illegitimate son, disputed his brother’s right of succession; and a battle ensuing between their respective armies, Mahmood prevailed. Ismaeel was immediately confined in a fort in Joorjan; where he remained until his death, and his victorious brother ascended the throne. Heg. 390 (1000).--Mahmood defeated Khuluf, governor of Seestan. He also marched into India and made himself master of several provinces. Heg. 391 (1001).--The king of Ghizny obtained a victory over the army of Jeipal, who, together with fifteen sons and near relations, was taken prisoner, five thousand of his troops being slain on the field of battle. Among the spoils were sixteen necklaces inlaid with jewels, one of which, belonging to Jeipal, was valued at a hundred and eighty thousand dinars, the dinar being about the value of nine shillings sterling. Jeipal, having resigned his crown to his son, in compliance with the customs of his race, ordered a funeral pile to be prepared, and setting fire to it with his own hands, perished in the flames. Heg. 392 (1003).--Mahmood again marched into Seestan and brought Khuluf, the governor, prisoner to Ghizny. Heg. 395 (1004).--Rajah Beejy Ray, governor of Bhateea, having refused to pay tribute to Anundpal, the son of Jeipal, on whom he was dependent, Mahmood took Bhateea by assault; two hundred and eighty elephants, numerous slaves and other valuable spoils were obtained in the town, which the conqueror annexed, with all its dependencies, to his own dominions. Heg. 396 (1005).--Elik Khan, king of Kashgar, and father-in-law of Mahmood, invaded the latter’s territory. Mahmood was returning from the siege of Moultan when the news reached him. He immediately hastened to meet the invader, and a desperate battle was fought near Bulkh, in which the king of Kashgar was entirely defeated. This year the king of Ghizny likewise defeated Sewukpal, who had thrown off his allegiance, and made him prisoner. The rebel was compelled to pay four hundred thousand dirhems, about eight thousand three hundred pounds sterling. Heg. 399 (1008).--Mahmood made himself master the fort of Bheem. There, on account of its vast strength, the Hindoos had deposited the treasure consecrated to their idols, so that the booty obtained by the conqueror was prodigious; the specie alone, independent of plate, bullion, and jewels, is said to have amounted to upwards of three hundred and thirteen thousand pounds sterling. Heg. 401 (1010).--Mahmood defeated the prince of Ghoor, and annexed his country to the dominions of Ghizny.