THE SPANISH SERIES LEON, BURGOS AND SALAMANCA THE SPANISH SERIES _EDITED BY ALBERT F. CALVERT_ GOYA TOLEDO MADRID SEVILLE MURILLO CORDOVA EL GRECO VELAZQUEZ THE PRADO THE ESCORIAL ROYAL PALACES OF SPAIN GRANADA AND THE ALHAMBRA SPANISH ARMS AND ARMOUR LEON, BURGOS, AND SALAMANCA CATALONIA, VALENCIA, & MURCIA VALLADOLID, OVIEDO, SEGOVIA ZAMORA, AVILA, AND ZARAGOZA LEON, BURGOS AND SALAMANCA A HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT. BY ALBERT F. CALVERT, WITH 462 ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY MCMVIII Edinburgh: T. and A. CONSTABLE, Printers to His Majesty _To_ _THE MARQUIS OF VIANA_ _The History of whose House Is indissolubly connected With the Grandest Traditions of Spain This Volume is Dedicated With a Sincere Expression Of the Author’s Esteem_ PREFACE In the plan of this book, as in the other volumes of the Series, the text has been made subordinate to and explanatory of the illustrations, which, I venture to hope, will be found to form a complete and useful panorama of the monumental glories of these grand old cities. I have not proposed to write a guide-book for the tourist, but rather to supply him with a souvenir, and to provide a manual for those interested in architecture and archæology. I have avoided technology as much as possible, as my appeal is not to the professional student, but to the amateur (in the true sense) of the arts. In order to supplement my own knowledge and revise the impressions derived from personal observation in the three towns, I have availed myself freely of the works of others who have laboured in the same field, and have been at much pains to consult all the writings I could find upon the subject. The lengthy list of authorities I have consulted need not be recited here, as they are duly acknowledged in the text.