BRUSHES.--_Red Sable Brushes_ are preferable to all others for illuminating purposes, and are to be had in goose, duck, and crow quills,--the larger for laying on washes of color, or large grounds in body color,--the duck and crow for filling in the smaller portions of color, for shading and general work. One of the smallest size should be kept specially for outlining and fine hair-line finishings. For this purpose all the outer hairs should be neatly cut away with the scissors, leaving only about one-third of the hair remaining. DRAWING-PEN--CIRCLE OR BOW-PEN.--For doing long straight lines or circles these instruments are indispensable; they give out ink or color evenly, making a smooth, true line of any thickness required for lining any portion of the work, as in border margins, or any part requiring even lines, unattainable by the hand alone. It is necessary to put the ink or color into the pen with the brush after mixing it to the proper consistency for use. Ink or _body color_ may be used with equal facility. Before starting, the pen should always be tried upon a piece of loose paper, to test the thickness of the line, and also to see if the ink in the pen is not too thick or too thin: if too thick, it will not work evenly, while, if too thin, it will flow too rapidly, and _run_ upon a color ground as if on blotting paper. STRAIGHT-EDGE, PARALLEL-RULER, &C.--A thin wooden straight-edge, or, what is better, a parallel-ruler, and also a set square (a right-angled triangular piece of thin wood), will be found necessary for planning out the work. BURNISHER AND TRACER.--_Agate Burnishers_ are to be had at the artists' colormen's, either pencil or claw shaped; the former will be most useful to a beginner. An ivory _style_, _or point_, is requisite for tracing, and useful for indenting gold diapers. [Illustration]