"At no hour of your life will the love of letters ever oppress you as a
burden, or fail you as a resource. In the vain and foolish exultation of
the heart, which the brighter prospects of life will sometimes excite,
the pensive portress of Science shall call you to the sober pleasures of
her holy cell. In the mortifications of disappointment, her soothing
voice shall whisper serenity and peace. In social converse with the
mighty dead of ancient days, you will never smart under the galling
sense of dependence upon the mighty living of the present age. And in
your struggles with the world, should a crisis ever occur, when even
friendship may deem it prudent to desert you, when even your country may
seem ready to abandon herself and you, when priest and Levite shall come
and look on you and pass by on the other side, seek refuge, my
_un_failing friends, and be assured you shall find it, in the friendship
of Lælius and Scipio, in the patriotism of Cicero, Demosthenes, and
Burke, as well as in the precepts and example of Him whose law is love,
and who taught us to remember injuries only to forgive them."
The orator must command the whole scale of the language, from the most
elegant to the most low and vile. Every one has felt how superior in
force is the language of the street to that of the academy. The street
must be one of his schools. Ought not the scholar to be able to convey
his meaning in terms as short and strong as the porter or truckman uses
to convey his? And Lord Chesterfield thought "that without being
instructed in the dialect of the _Halles_ no man could be a complete
master of French." The speech of the man in the street is invariably
strong, nor can you mend it by making it what you call parliamentary.
You say, "if he could only express himself"; but he does already better
than any one can for him,--can always get the ear of an audience to the
exclusion of everybody else. Well, this is an example in point. That
something which each man was created to say and do, he only or he best
can tell you, and has a right to supreme attention so far. The power of
their speech is, that it is perfectly understood by all; and I believe
it to be true, that when any orator at the bar or in the Senate rises in
his thought, he descends in his language,--that is, when he rises to any
height of thought or of passion he comes down to a language level with
the ear of all his audience. It is the merit of John Brown and of
Abraham Lincoln--one at Charlestown, one at Gettysburg--in the two best
specimens of eloquence we have had in this country. And observe that all
poetry is written in the oldest and simplest English words. Dr. Johnson
said, "There is in every nation a style which never becomes obsolete, a
certain mode of phraseology so consonant to the analogy and principles
of its respective language as to remain settled and unaltered. This
style is to be sought in the common intercourse of life among those who
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