Liberia: Description, History, ProblemsStarr, Frederick
History
Liberia: Description, History, Problems
Starr, Frederick
Liberia
goods, to be traded with the natives against their raw products--trading
stations of this kind are already established by the Monrovia Rubber
Company and by various of the great trading-houses.
In some way or other the Government should adopt a method of encouraging
the natives of the interior to gather, to properly prepare, and to bring
in raw produce; a definite scheme of practical education and
encouragement must be devised.
While raw products offered by nature have been and are the chief element
in Liberian trade, another element is immediate, and will ultimately be
the chief dependence of the nation. Agriculture, though far from being
in a satisfactory condition, has always contributed material for export.
The country can not forever count upon a supply of raw products.
Gradually the value of the forests will become secondary to that of
produce of the fields. There is no reason why the Liberian coffee should
not be fully re-established in the foreign market. The tree seems to be
a native of the country; Ashmun reported that it was found everywhere
near the seacoast and to an unknown distance back from there. Under
natural conditions, the tree grew often to a height of thirty feet and a
girth of fifteen inches. Coffee berries from wild trees were brought in
by hundreds of bushels to the early settlers by the natives. Plantations
were soon established, and many of them met with great success; in fact,
coffee was once the principal export of the Republic; it was mainly
shipped from Monrovia and Cape Mount; the more important plantations
were located along the St. Paul’s River. Liberian coffee was much
appreciated in the European market; at its period of greatest vogue it
used to bring twenty-five cents a pound; the price has now fallen so low
as eight or nine cents a pound. This decline is due, in part, of course,
to the enormous development of the Brazilian coffee trade; it is,
however, largely due to the carelessness of the Liberian planters, who
had only primitive machinery for its preparation and who neglected
proper care, with the result that the coffee berries reached the market
broken and impaired. It is a delicious coffee, of full flavor, and
improves with age. Sir Harry Johnston claims that about 1,500,000 pounds
are annually produced, and reports that the output is increasing
slightly. At the Muhlenberg Mission School, coffee is cultivated; care
is taken in its preparation, and the price is rising; if the Liberians
will give serious attention to the matter, there is no question that the
old importance of the culture may be restored. It will require improved
methods of cultivation, the use of better machinery, greater care in the
preparation of the berry, and constant attention to proper packing and
handling.
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